var test={
'A-001':[
	{
		group:'A-001-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-001-01-01",
				question:"What is the meaning of the term \"time constant\" in an RL circuit?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The time required for the current in the circuit to build up to 36.8% of the maximum value",
					"The time required for the voltage in the circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value",
					"The time required for the voltage in the circuit to build up to 36.8% of the maximum value",
					"The time required for the current in the circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-02",
				question:"What is the term for the time required for the capacitor in an RC circuit to be charged to 63.2% of the supply voltage?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"An exponential rate of one",
					"One time constant",
					"A time factor of one",
					"One exponential period"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-03",
				question:"What is the term for the time required for the current in an RL circuit to build up to 63.2% of the maximum value?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"One time constant",
					"An exponential period of one",
					"A time factor of one",
					"One exponential rate"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-04",
				question:"What is the term for the time it takes for a charged capacitor in an RC circuit to discharge to 36.8% of its initial value of stored charge?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A discharge factor of one",
					"An exponential discharge of one",
					"One time constant",
					"One discharge period"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-05",
				question:"What is meant by \"back EMF (Electromagnetic Field)\"?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A current that opposes the applied EMF (Electromagnetic Field)",
					"A voltage that opposes the applied EMF (Electromagnetic Field)",
					"An opposing EMF (Electromagnetic Field) equal to R times C percent of the applied EMF (Electromagnetic Field)",
					"A current equal to the applied EMF (Electromagnetic Field)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-06",
				question:"After two time constants, the capacitor in an RC circuit is charged to what percentage of the supply voltage?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"63.2%",
					"86.5%",
					"95%",
					"36.8%"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-07",
				question:"After two time constants, the capacitor in an RC circuit is discharged to what percentage of the starting voltage?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"13.5%",
					"36.8%",
					"86.5%",
					"63.2%"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-08",
				question:"What is the time constant of a circuit having a 100 microfarad capacitor in series with a 470 kilohm resistor?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"4700 seconds",
					"470 seconds",
					"0.47 seconds",
					"47 seconds"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-09",
				question:"What is the time constant of a circuit having a 470 microfarad capacitor in series with a 470 kilohm resistor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"221 000 seconds",
					"47 000 seconds",
					"221 seconds",
					"470 seconds"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-01-10",
				question:"What is the time constant of a circuit having a 220 microfarad capacitor in series with a 470 kilohm resistor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"470 000 seconds",
					"470 seconds",
					"103 seconds",
					"220 seconds"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-001-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-001-02-01",
				question:"What is the result of skin effect?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"As frequency increases, RF (Radio Frequency) current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, closer to the surface",
					"As frequency decreases, RF (Radio Frequency) current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor, closer to the surface",
					"Thermal effects on the surface of the conductor increase impedance",
					"Thermal effects on the surface of the conductor decrease impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-02",
				question:"What effect causes most of an RF (Radio Frequency) current to flow along the surface of a conductor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Piezoelectric effect",
					"Resonance effect",
					"Skin effect",
					"Layer effect"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-03",
				question:"Where does almost all RF (Radio Frequency) current flow in a conductor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"In a magnetic field in the centre of the conductor",
					"In a magnetic field around the conductor",
					"Along the surface of the conductor",
					"In the centre of the conductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-04",
				question:"Why does most of an RF (Radio Frequency) current flow within a very thin layer under the conductor's surface?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Becasue the RF (Radio Frequency) resistance of a conductor is much less than the DC (Direct Current) resistance",
					"Because of skin effect",
					"Because a conductor has AC (Alternating Current) resistance due to self-inductance",
					"Because of heating of the conductor's interior"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-05",
				question:"Why is the resistance of a conductor different for RF (Radio Frequency) currents than for direct currents?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Because of skin effect",
					"Because of the Hertzberg effect",
					"Because conductors are non-linear devices",
					"Because the insulation conducts current at high frequencies"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-06",
				question:"What unit measures the capacity to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Coulomb",
					"Watt",
					"Volt",
					"Farad"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-07",
				question:"What is an electromagnetic field?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Current through the space around a permanent magnet",
					"The force that drives current through a conductor",
					"The current between the plates of a charged capacitor",
					"The space around a conductor, through which a magnetic force acts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-08",
				question:"In what direction is the magnetic field oriented about a conductor in relation to the direction of electron flow?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"In the direction determined by the lefthand rule",
					"In all directions",
					"In the same direction as the current",
					"In the direct opposite to the current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-09",
				question:"What is the term for energy that is stored in an electromagnetic or electrostatic field?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Potential energy",
					"Kinetic energy",
					"Ampere-joules",
					"Joule-coulombs"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-10",
				question:"What is an electrostatic field?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The current between the plates of a charged capacitor",
					"The space around a conductor, through which a magnetic force acts",
					"Current through the space around a permanent magnet",
					"The force that drives current through a conductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-02-11",
				question:"What unit measures the capacity to store electrical energy in an electromagnetic field?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Coulomb",
					"Farad",
					"Watt",
					"Henry"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-001-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-001-03-01",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit if R is 47 ohms, L is 50 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"1.78 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"3.56 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"7.96 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"79.6 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-02",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 40 microhenrys and C is 200 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"1.99 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"1.99 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"1.78 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"1.78 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-03",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 50 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"7.12 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3.18 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"3.18 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"7.12 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-04",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 25 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"63.7 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"10.1 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"63.7 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"10.1 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-05",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"13.1 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"14.5 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"13.1 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"14.5 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-06",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 4 microhenrys and C is 20 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"19.9 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"17.8 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"19.9 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"17.8 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-07",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 8 microhenrys and C is 7 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"28.4 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"21.3 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"2.84 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"2.13 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-08",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 3 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"35.4 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"23.7 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"35.4 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"23.7 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-09",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 4 microhenrys and C is 8 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"49.7 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"28.1 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"49.7 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"28.1 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-10",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a series R-L-C circuit, if R is 47 ohms, L is 1 microhenry and C is 9 picofarads?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"53.1 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"5.31 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"17.7 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"1.77 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-03-11",
				question:"What is the value of capacitance (C) in a series R-L-C circuit, if the circuit resonant frequency is 14.25 MHz (Megahertz) and L is 2.84 microhenrys?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"2.2 microfarads",
					"44 microfarads",
					"44 picofarads",
					"2.2 picofarads"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-001-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-001-04-01",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 1 microhenry and C is 10 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"15.9 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"50.3 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"50.3 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"15.9 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-02",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 2 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"29.1 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"29.1 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"5.31 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"5.31 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-03",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 5 microhenrys and C is 9 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"23.7 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3.54 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"3.54 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"23.7 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-04",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 2 microhenrys and C is 30 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"2.65 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"20.5 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"2.65 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"20.5 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-05",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 15 microhenrys and C is 5 picofarads?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"2.12 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"2.12 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"18.4 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"18.4 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-06",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"1.33 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"1.33 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"14.5 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"14.5 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-07",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 40 microhenrys and C is 6 picofarads?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"6.63 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"10.3 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"6.63 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"10.3 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-08",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 10 microhenrys and C is 50 picofarads?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"7.12 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"7.12 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3.18 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"3.18 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-09",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 200 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"3.56 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"7.96 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"7.96 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3.56 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-10",
				question:"What is the resonant frequency of a parallel R-L-C circuit if R is 4.7 kilohms, L is 90 microhenrys and C is 100 picofarads?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"1.77 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"1.77 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"1.68 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"1.68 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-04-11",
				question:"What is the value of inductance (L) in a parallel R-L-C circuit, if the resonant frequency is 14.25 MHz (Megahertz) and C is 44 picofarads?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"253.8 millihenrys",
					"3.9 millihenrys",
					"0.353 microhenry",
					"2.8 microhenrys"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-001-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-001-05-01",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 14.128 MHz (Megahertz), L is 2.7 microhenrys and R is 18 kilohms?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"7.51",
					"0.013",
					"71.5",
					"75.1"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-02",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 14.128 MHz (Megahertz), L is 4.7 microhenrys and R is 18 kilohms?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"13.3",
					"43.1",
					"0.023",
					"4.31"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-03",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 4.468 MHz (Megahertz), L is 47 microhenrys and R is 180 ohms?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"0.136",
					"7.35",
					"0.00735",
					"13.3"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-04",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 14.225 MHz (Megahertz), L is 3.5 microhenrys and R is 10 kilohms?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"7.35",
					"31.9",
					"0.0319",
					"71.5"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-05",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 7.125 MHz (Megahertz), L is 8.2 microhenrys and R is 1 kilohm?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"2.73",
					"36.8",
					"0.368",
					"0.273"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-06",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 7.125 MHz (Megahertz), L is 10.1 microhenrys and R is 100 ohms?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"22.1",
					"0.00452",
					"0.221",
					"4.52"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-07",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 7.125 MHz (Megahertz), L is 12.6 microhenrys and R is 22 kilohms?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"39",
					"22.1",
					"0.0256",
					"25.6"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-08",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 3.625 MHz (Megahertz), L is 3 microhenrys and R is 2.2 kilohms?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"25.6",
					"31.1",
					"32.2",
					"0.031"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-09",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 3.625 MHz (Megahertz), L is 42 microhenrys and R is 220 ohms?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"2.3",
					"4.35",
					"0.23",
					"0.00435"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-10",
				question:"What is the Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit, if it is resonant at 3.625 MHz (Megahertz), L is 43 microhenrys and R is 1.8 kilohms?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"0.543",
					"54.3",
					"23",
					"1.84"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-001-05-11",
				question:"Why is a resistor often included in a parallel resonant circuit?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"To increase the Q and decrease the skin effect",
					"To decrease the Q and increase the resonant frequency",
					"To increase the Q and decrease bandwidth",
					"To decrease the Q and increase the bandwidth"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-002':[
	{
		group:'A-002-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-01-01",
				question:"What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Galena and germanium",
					"Silicon and germanium",
					"Galena and bismuth",
					"Silicon and gold"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-02",
				question:"In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"In high-power circuits",
					"At microwave frequencies",
					"At very low frequencies",
					"In bipolar transistors"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-03",
				question:"What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"P-type",
					"N-type",
					"Bipolar type",
					"Superconductor type"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-04",
				question:"What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"N-type",
					"P-type",
					"Bipolar",
					"Superconductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-05",
				question:"What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Free electrons",
					"Free protrons",
					"Holes",
					"Free neutrons"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-06",
				question:"What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Holes",
					"Free protrons",
					"Free neutrons",
					"Free electrons"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-07",
				question:"Silicon, in its pure form, is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"a superconductor",
					"an insulator",
					"a semiconductor",
					"conductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-08",
				question:"An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"intrinsic conductor",
					"N-type conductor",
					"P-type conductor",
					"semiconductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-09",
				question:"Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"tantalum",
					"copper",
					"silicon",
					"sulphur"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-10",
				question:"Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"conductors",
					"tuned circuits",
					"inductors",
					"insulators"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-01-11",
				question:"A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"protons",
					"ions",
					"electrons",
					"impurities"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-02-01",
				question:"What is the principal characteristic of a zener diode?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A constant current under conditions of varying voltage",
					"A negative resistance region",
					"An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage",
					"A constant voltage under conditions of varying current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-02",
				question:"What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Varactor",
					"Zener",
					"Silicon-controlled rectifier",
					"Hot-carrier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-03",
				question:"What is a common use for the hot-carrier diode?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"As VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra-high Frequency) mixers and detectors",
					"As balanced mixers in FM (Frequency Modulation) generation",
					"As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit",
					"As a constant voltage reference in a power supply"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-04",
				question:"What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Forward voltage",
					"Junction temperature",
					"Back EMF (Electromagnetic Field)",
					"Peak inverse voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-05",
				question:"What are the major ratings for junction diodes?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Maximum reverse current and capacitance",
					"Maximum forward current and capacitance",
					"Maximum forward current and PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage)",
					"Maximum reverse current and PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-06",
				question:"Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Vacuum and point contact",
					"Electrolytic and point contact",
					"Junction and point contact",
					"Electrolytic and junction"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-07",
				question:"What is a common use for point contact diodes?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"As a constant current source",
					"As a constant voltage source",
					"As an RF (Radio Frequency) detector",
					"As a high voltage rectifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-08",
				question:"What is one common use for PIN diodes?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"As a constant current source",
					"As an RF (Radio Frequency) switch",
					"As a high voltage rectifier",
					"As a constant voltage source"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-09",
				question:"A Zener diode is a device used to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"regulate voltage",
					"dissipate voltage",
					"decrease current",
					"increase current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-10",
				question:"If a Zener diode rated at 10 V (Volts) and 50 watts were operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ________ amperes:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"50",
					"0.05",
					"5",
					"0.5"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-02-11",
				question:"The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C (Celsius) or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the same",
					"less",
					"much greater",
					"slightly greater"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-03-01",
				question:"What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The change of collector current with respect to base current",
					"The change of collector current with respect to emitter current",
					"The change of base current with respect to collector current",
					"The change of collector current with respect to gate current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-02",
				question:"What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The change of base current with respect to emitter current",
					"The change of collector current with respect to emitter current",
					"The change of base current with respect to gate current",
					"The change of collector current with respect to base current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-03",
				question:"Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A varactor",
					"A triode vacuum tube",
					"An NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) transistor",
					"A PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) transistor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-04",
				question:"What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Forward voltage gain",
					"Reverse current gain",
					"Reverse voltage gain",
					"Forward current gain"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-05",
				question:"In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"gamma",
					"beta",
					"delta",
					"alpha"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-06",
				question:"The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Common collector",
					"Common base",
					"Common gate",
					"Common emitter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-07",
				question:"The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Common emitter or common gate",
					"Common base or common collector",
					"Common emitter or common collector",
					"Common base or common emitter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-08",
				question:"Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A triode vacuum tube",
					"A PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) transistor",
					"A varactor",
					"An NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) transistor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-09",
				question:"Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to :",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"beta X (1 + beta)",
					"beta / (1 + beta)",
					"beta X (1 - beta)",
					"beta / (1 - beta)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-10",
				question:"The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base onfiguration is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"large to very large",
					"very small",
					"usually about double",
					"usually about half"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-03-11",
				question:"Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"alpha / (1 - alpha)",
					"alpha / (1 + alpha)",
					"alpha X (1 - alpha)",
					"alpha X (1 + alpha)"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-04-01",
				question:"What is an enhancement-mode FET (field effect transistors)?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"An FET (field effect transistors) without a channel; no current occurs with zero gate voltage",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) with a channel that blocks voltage through the gate",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) with a channel that allows current when the gate voltage is zero",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) without a channel to hinder current through the gate"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-02",
				question:"What is a depletion-mode FET (field effect transistors)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"An FET (field effect transistors) without a channel; no current flows with zero gate voltage",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) that has a channel with no gate voltage applied; a current flows with zero gate voltage",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) without a channel to hinder current through the gate",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) that has a channel that blocks current when the gate voltage is zero"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-03",
				question:"Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The gate-protective Zener diode keeps the gate voltage within specifications to prevent the device from overheating",
					"The gate-protective Zener diode protects the substrate from excessive voltages",
					"The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages",
					"The gate-protective Zener diode provides a voltage reference to provide the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-04",
				question:"Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET (field effect transistors) and CMOS devices?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"They are light-sensitive",
					"They are susceptible to damage from static charges",
					"They have micro-welded semiconductor junctions that are susceptible to breakage",
					"They have fragile leads that may break off"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-05",
				question:"How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET (field effect transistors)) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"One cannot compare input impedance without knowing supply voltage",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) has low input impedance; a bipolar transistor has high input impedance",
					"The input impedance of FET (field effect transistors)s and bipolar transistors is the same",
					"An FET (field effect transistors) has high input impedance; a bipolar transistor has low input impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-06",
				question:"What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Emitter, base 1, base 2",
					"Emitter, base, collector",
					"Gate, drain, source",
					"Gate 1, gate 2, drain"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-07",
				question:"What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"N-channel and P-channel",
					"High power and low power",
					"MOSFET and GaAsFET",
					"Silicon and germanium"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-08",
				question:"Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"n-channel depletion",
					"p-channel depletion",
					"p-channel enhancement",
					"q-channel enhancement"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-09",
				question:"Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"q-channel depletion",
					"p-channel enhancement",
					"n-channel enhancement",
					"p-channel depletion"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-10",
				question:"Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"n-channel enhancement",
					"p-channel depletion",
					"q-channel depletion",
					"n-channel depletion"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-04-11",
				question:"Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"n-channel depletion",
					"n-channel enhancement",
					"q-channel enhancement",
					"p-channel enhancement"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-05-01",
				question:"What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier))?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Gate, base 1 and base 2",
					"Base, collector and emitter",
					"Anode, cathode and gate",
					"Gate, source and sink"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-02",
				question:"What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier))?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Forward conducting and reverse conducting",
					"Conducting and non-conducting",
					"NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) conduction and PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) conduction",
					"Oscillating and quiescent"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-03",
				question:"When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The junction diode",
					"The PIN diode",
					"The hot-carrier diode",
					"The varactor diode"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-04",
				question:"Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"When it is gated \"off\"",
					"When it is used as a detector",
					"During a switching transition",
					"When it is gated \"on\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-05",
				question:"The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) is what type of device?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"PNPN",
					"NPPN",
					"PNNP",
					"PPNN"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-06",
				question:"The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) is called the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"anode",
					"cathode",
					"emitter",
					"gate"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-07",
				question:"The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) is a member of which family?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Phase locked loops",
					"Varactors",
					"Thyristors",
					"Varistors"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-08",
				question:"In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier))?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Power supply overvoltage \"crowbar\" circuit",
					"Class C amplifier circuit",
					"Microphone preamplifier circuit",
					"SWR detector circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-09",
				question:"Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The bipolar transistor",
					"The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier))",
					"The field effect transistor",
					"The triode vacuum tube"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-10",
				question:"When it is gated \"on\", the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"reverse-biased silicon rectifier",
					"forward-biased PIN diode",
					"reverse-biased hot-carrier diode",
					"forward-biased silicon rectifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-05-11",
				question:"Which of the following is a PNPN device?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"PIN diode",
					"Hot carrier diode",
					"Zener diode",
					"Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR (silicon controlled rectifier))"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-06',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-06-01",
				question:"For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Exactly 180 degrees",
					"More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees",
					"The entire cycle",
					"Less than 180 degrees"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-02",
				question:"Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Class A",
					"Class AB",
					"Class B",
					"Class C"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-03",
				question:"For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Exactly 180 degrees",
					"The entire cycle",
					"Less than 180 degrees",
					"More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-04",
				question:"For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Less than 180 degrees",
					"More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees",
					"180 degrees",
					"The entire cycle"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-05",
				question:"For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees",
					"Less than 180 degrees",
					"The entire cycle",
					"180 degrees"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-06",
				question:"Which class of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Class C",
					"Class A",
					"Class AB",
					"Class B"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-07",
				question:"In order to provide the greatest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY (Radioteletype) or FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitter, you would operate the amplifier:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Class C",
					"Class AB",
					"Class B",
					"Class A"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-08",
				question:"Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Class C",
					"Class B",
					"Class A",
					"Class AB"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-09",
				question:"Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Class AB",
					"Class C",
					"Class A",
					"Class B"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-10",
				question:"Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Class A",
					"Class AB",
					"Class B",
					"Class C"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-06-11",
				question:"Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Class AB",
					"Class C",
					"Class A",
					"Class B"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-07',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-07-01",
				question:"What determines the input impedance of a FET (field effect transistors) common-source amplifier?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and substrate",
					"The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and the drain",
					"The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network",
					"The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the drain and substrate"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-02",
				question:"What determines the output impedance of a FET (field effect transistors) common-source amplifier?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain supply voltage",
					"The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor",
					"The output impedance is essentially determined by the gate supply voltage",
					"The output impedance is essentially determined by the input impedance of the FET (field effect transistors)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-03",
				question:"What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance",
					"Mutual gain, high stability and low mutual inductance",
					"Mutual gain, low input impedance and low output impedance",
					"Low output impedance, high mutual impedance and low output current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-04",
				question:"In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the signals are in phase",
					"the output signals leads the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the signals are 180 degrees out of phase"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-05",
				question:"In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"only slightly higher",
					"only slightly lower",
					"very low",
					"very high"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-06",
				question:"In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the signals are 180 degrees out of phase",
					"the signals are in phase"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-07",
				question:"In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees",
					"the signals are in phase",
					"the signals are 180 degrees out of phase"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-08",
				question:"The FET (field effect transistors) amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"common source circuit",
					"common drain circuit",
					"common mode circuit",
					"common gate circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-09",
				question:"The FET (field effect transistors) amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Common collector",
					"Common base",
					"Common mode",
					"Common emitter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-10",
				question:"The FET (field effect transistors) amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Common collector",
					"Common emitter",
					"Common base",
					"Common mode"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-07-11",
				question:"The FET (field effect transistors) amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Common mode",
					"Common collector",
					"Common base",
					"Common emitter"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-08',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-08-01",
				question:"What is an operational amplifier (opamp)?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A high-gain, direct-coupled audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally",
					"An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit",
					"A program subroutine that calculates the gain of an RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier",
					"A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-02",
				question:"What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Zero input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response",
					"Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response",
					"Infinite input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain and flat frequency response",
					"Zero input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-03",
				question:"What determines the gain of a closedloop op-amp circuit?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) collector load",
					"The power supply voltage",
					"The external feedback network",
					"The collector-to-base capacitance of the PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) stage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-04",
				question:"What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required for the next stage",
					"The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition",
					"The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open-loop condition",
					"The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-05",
				question:"What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Very low",
					"Exactly 100 ohms",
					"Exactly 1000 ohms",
					"Very high"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-06",
				question:"What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Very high",
					"Exactly 100 ohms",
					"Exactly 1000 ohms",
					"Very low"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-07",
				question:"What are the advantages of using an opamp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Op-amps are more rugged and can withstand more abuse than can LC elements",
					"Op-amps are available in more styles and types than are LC elements",
					"Op-amps are fixed at one frequency",
					"Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-08",
				question:"What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Op-amp circuits are used as low-pass filters at the output of transmitters",
					"Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers",
					"Op-amp circuits are used as filters for smoothing power supply output",
					"Op-amp circuits are used as high-pass filters to block RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) at the input of receivers"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-09",
				question:"What is an inverting op-amp circuit?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held to zero, while the output impedance is high"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-10",
				question:"What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held low, and the output impedance is high",
					"An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-08-11",
				question:"What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Difference amplifier",
					"Operational amplifier",
					"High gain audio amplifier",
					"Summing amplifier"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-09',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-09-01",
				question:"What is the mixing process?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase differentiation",
					"The recovery of intelligence from a modulated signal",
					"The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies",
					"The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase comparison"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-02",
				question:"What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies",
					"1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequencies",
					"The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies",
					"Two and four times the original frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-03",
				question:"What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Automatic limiting occurs",
					"Spurious signals are generated",
					"A beat frequency is generated",
					"Mixer blanking occurs"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-04",
				question:"In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"a DC (Direct Current) blocking capacitor",
					"part of the input tuned circuit",
					"a by-pass for the circuit",
					"part of the output tank circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-05",
				question:"A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"class AB",
					"class B",
					"class A",
					"class C"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-06",
				question:"In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"tune L1 to the desired harmonic",
					"by-pass RF (Radio Frequency)",
					"tune L1 to the frequency applied to the base",
					"provide positive feedback"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-07",
				question:"In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"form a pi filter with L1 and C2",
					"resonate with L1",
					"keep RF (Radio Frequency) out of the power supply",
					"by-pass any audio components"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-08",
				question:"In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"frequency divider",
					"frequency multiplier",
					"voltage divider",
					"voltage doubler"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-09",
				question:"In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"a frequency multiplier",
					"a VHF (Very High Frequency)/UHF (Ultra-high Frequency) amplifier",
					"a linear amplifier",
					"a frequency divider"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-10",
				question:"In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"DC (Direct Current) blocking capacitor",
					"tuning capacitor",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) by-pass capacitor",
					"coupling capacitor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-09-11",
				question:"What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz (Megahertz) input signal to 14.3 MHz (Megahertz)?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A linear translator",
					"A frequency multiplier",
					"A mixer",
					"A beat frequency oscillator"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-10',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-10-01",
				question:"What is a *Nand* gate?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output only when all inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output only when all inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output only when all inputs are logic \"0\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-02",
				question:"What is an *Or* gate?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output if all inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output if any input is logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces logic \"1\" at its output if all inputs are logic \"0\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output if any input is logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-03",
				question:"What is a *Nor* gate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output only if all inputs are logic \"0\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output only if all inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output if any or all inputs are logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-04",
				question:"What is an *Invert* gate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that does not allow data transmission when its input is high",
					"A circuit that allows data transmission only when its input is high",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when the input is logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output when the input is logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-05",
				question:"What is an *Exclusive Or* gate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when all of the inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when all of the inputs are logic \"0\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-06",
				question:"What is an *Exclusive Nor* gate?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when all of the inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic \"0\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output when only one of the inputs are logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"0\" at its output when all of the inputs are logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-07",
				question:"What is an *And* gate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A circuit that produces a if all its inputs are logic logic \"0\" at its output only \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output only if one of its inputs is logic \"1\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output if all inputs are logic \"0\"",
					"A circuit that produces a logic \"1\" at its output only if all its inputs are logic \"1\""
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-08",
				question:"What is a flip-flop circuit?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A binary sequential logic element with eight stable states",
					"A binary sequential logic element with two stable states",
					"A binary sequential logic element with four stable states",
					"A binary sequential logic element with one stable state"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-09",
				question:"What is a bistable multivibrator?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"A flip-flop",
					"An *Or* gate",
					"An *And* gate",
					"A clock"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-10",
				question:"What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A decade counter",
					"An *Or* gate",
					"A flip-flop",
					"An op-amp"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-10-11",
				question:"In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"amplified",
					"reverse-biased",
					"cut off",
					"forward-biased"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-11',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-11-01",
				question:"What is a crystal lattice filter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A filter with wide bandwidth and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals",
					"An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz (kilohertz) intervals",
					"A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals",
					"A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-02",
				question:"What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The relative frequencies of the individual crystals",
					"The centre frequency chosen for the filter",
					"The gain of the RF (Radio Frequency) stage following the filter",
					"The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-03",
				question:"For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"15 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"500 Hz (Hertz)",
					"2.1 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"6 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-04",
				question:"The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"longer life under severe operating use",
					"freedom from harmonic emissions",
					"simplicity",
					"much greater frequency stability"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-05",
				question:"A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"crystal's low Q",
					"LC circuit's high Q",
					"crystal's simplicity",
					"crystal's high Q"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-06",
				question:"Piezoelectricity is generated by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"touching crystals with magnets",
					"adding impurities to a crystal",
					"deforming certain crystals",
					"moving a magnet near a crystal"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-07",
				question:"Electrically, what does a crystal look like?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"A very high Q tuned circuit",
					"A very low Q tuned circuit",
					"A variable capacitance",
					"A variable tuned circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-08",
				question:"Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"a crystal multiplier",
					"a crystal lattice",
					"a crystal ladder",
					"an overtone oscillator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-09",
				question:"Which of the following properties *Does Not* apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"High power output",
					"Good frequency stability",
					"Very low noise because of high Q",
					"Good frequency accuracy"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-10",
				question:"Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Piezoelectric effect",
					"Hertzberg effect",
					"Ferro-resonance",
					"Overtone effect"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-11-11",
				question:"Crystals are *Not* applicable to which of the following?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Active filters",
					"Microphones",
					"Lattice filters",
					"Oscillators"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-002-12',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-002-12-01",
				question:"What are the three general groupings of filters?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce",
					"Audio, radio and capacitive",
					"High-pass, low-pass and band-pass",
					"Inductive, capacitive and resistive"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-02",
				question:"What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The product of its series and shuntelement impedances is a constant for all frequencies",
					"It only requires conductors",
					"It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band",
					"It only requires capacitors"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-03",
				question:"Which filter type is decribed as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"An active LC filter",
					"A passive op-amp filter",
					"A Chebyshev filter",
					"A Butterworth filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-04",
				question:"What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It requires only inductors",
					"It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts",
					"It requires only capacitors",
					"It has a maximally flat response in the passband"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-05",
				question:"Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"power line filter",
					"low pass-filter below 30 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"narrow bandpass filter at VHF (Very High Frequency) and higher frequencies",
					"high pass-filter above 30 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-06",
				question:"On VHF (Very High Frequency) and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximatively 50 MHz (Megahertz), the diameter of such a device would be about four inches (10 cm (centimetres)). What would be its approximate length?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"1.5 metres (5 ft (Feet))",
					"0.6 metres (2 ft (Feet))",
					"2.4 metres (8 ft (Feet))",
					"3.7 metres (12 ft (Feet))"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-07",
				question:"A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF (Very High Frequency), UHF (Ultra-high Frequency) and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"helical resonator",
					"diplexer",
					"directional coupler",
					"duplexer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-08",
				question:"Where you require bandwidth at VHF (Very High Frequency) and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"resonant cavity",
					"Butterworth",
					"Chebyshev",
					"None of the above"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-09",
				question:"What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts",
					"It requires only inductors",
					"It requires only capacitors",
					"It has maximally flat response over its passband"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-10",
				question:"What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"It requires only capacitors",
					"It requires only inductors",
					"It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts",
					"It has maximally flat response over the passband"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-002-12-11",
				question:"Which of the following filter types *Is Not* suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Elliptical",
					"Chebyshev",
					"Cavity",
					"Butterworth"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-003':[
	{
		group:'A-003-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-01-01",
				question:"What is the easiest amplitude dimension to measure by viewing a pure sine wave on an oscilloscope?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Peak-to-peak voltage",
					"Peak voltage",
					"RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage",
					"Average voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-02",
				question:"What is the RMS (Root Mean Square) value of a 340 volt peak-to-peak pure sine wave?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"170 volts",
					"240 volts",
					"300 volts",
					"120 volts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-03",
				question:"What is the equivalent to the RMS (Root Mean Square) value of an AC (Alternating Current) voltage?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The AC (Alternating Current) voltage found by taking the square of the average value of the peak AC (Alternating Current) voltage",
					"The AC (Alternating Current) voltage causing the same heating of a given resistor as a DC (Direct Current) voltage of the same value",
					"The DC (Direct Current) voltage causing the same heating of a given resistor as the peak AC (Alternating Current) voltage",
					"The AC (Alternating Current) voltage found by taking the square root of the average AC (Alternating Current) value"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-04",
				question:"If the peak value of a 100 Hz (Hertz) sinusoidal waveform is 20 volts, the RMS (Root Mean Square) value is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"28.28 volts",
					"7.07 volts",
					"16.38 volts",
					"14.14 volts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-05",
				question:"In applying Ohm's law to AC (Alternating Current) circuits, current and voltage values are:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"average values",
					"average values times 1.414",
					"none of the proposed answers",
					"peak values times 0.707"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-06",
				question:"The effective value of a sine wave of voltage or current is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"50% of the maximum value",
					"70.7% of the maximum value",
					"100% of the maximum value",
					"63.6% of the maximum value"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-07",
				question:"AC (Alternating Current) voltmeter scales are usually calibrated to read:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"peak voltage",
					"instantaneous voltage",
					"RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage",
					"average voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-08",
				question:"An AC (Alternating Current) voltmeter is calibrated to read the:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"peak-to-peak value",
					"average value",
					"effective value",
					"peak value"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-09",
				question:"Which AC (Alternating Current) voltage value will produce the same amount of heat as a DC (Direct Current) voltage, when applied to the same resistance?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The average value",
					"The RMS (Root Mean Square) value",
					"The peak value",
					"The peak-to-peak value"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-10",
				question:"What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave that has an RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage of 120 volts?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"84.8 volts",
					"169.7 volts",
					"204.8 volts",
					"339.5 volts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-01-11",
				question:"A sine wave of 17 volts peak is equivalent to how many volts RMS (Root Mean Square)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"24 volts",
					"12 volts",
					"34 volts",
					"8.5 volts"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-003-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-02-01",
				question:"The power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during an RF (Radio Frequency) cycle at the highest crest of the modulation envelope is known as:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"peak-envelope power",
					"mean power",
					"carrier power",
					"full power"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-02",
				question:"To compute one of the following, multiply the peak-envelope voltage by 0.707 to obtain the RMS (Root Mean Square) value, square the result and divide by the load resistance. Which is the correct answer?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage)",
					"ERP (Effective Radiated Power)",
					"PEP (Peak-Envelope Power)",
					"power factor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-03",
				question:"Peak-Envelope Power (PEP (Peak-Envelope Power)) for SSB (Single Sideband) transmission is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Peak-Envelope Voltage (PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage)) multiplied by 0.707, squared and divided by the load resistance",
					"peak-voltage multiplied by peak current",
					"equal to the rms power",
					"a hypothetical measurement"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-04",
				question:"The formula to be used to calculate the power output of a transmitter into a resistor load using a voltmeter is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"P = EI/R",
					"P = E^2/R",
					"P = EI cos 0",
					"P = IR"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-05",
				question:"How is the output Peak-Envelope Power of a transmitter calculated, if an oscilloscope is used to measure the Peak-Envelope Voltage across a dummy resistive load? PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) = Peak-Envelope - Power PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage) = Peak-Envelope Voltage - Vp = peak-voltage - RL = load resistance",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) = [(0.707 PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage))(0.707 PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage))] / RL",
					"PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) = [(Vp)(Vp)] / (RL)",
					"PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) = (Vp)(Vp)(RL)",
					"PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) = [(1.414 PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage))(1.414 PEV (Peak-Envelope Voltage))] / RL"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-06",
				question:"What is the output PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"400 watts",
					"100 watts",
					"1000 watts",
					"200 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-07",
				question:"What is the output PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"1250 watts",
					"625 watts",
					"2500 watts",
					"500 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-08",
				question:"What is the output PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) of an unmodulated carrier transmitter if a wattmeter connected to the transmitter output indicates an average reading of 1060 watts?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"2120 watts",
					"1500 watts",
					"1060 watts",
					"530 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-09",
				question:"What is the output PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) from a transmitter, if an oscilloscope measures 400 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"400 watts",
					"200 watts",
					"600 watts",
					"1000 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-10",
				question:"What is the output PEP (Peak-Envelope Power) from a transmitter, if an oscilloscope measures 800 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"800 watts",
					"1600 watts",
					"6400 watts",
					"3200 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-02-11",
				question:"An oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output during unmodulated carrier conditions. What would an average-reading power meter indicate under the same transmitter conditions?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"427.5 watts",
					"884 watts",
					"442 watts",
					"625 watts"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-003-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-03-01",
				question:"What is a dip meter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"An SWR meter",
					"A marker generator",
					"A variable frequency oscillator with metered feedback current",
					"A field-strength meter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-02",
				question:"What does a dip meter do?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"It measures transmitter output power accurately",
					"It measures field strength accurately",
					"It measures frequency accurately",
					"It gives an indication of the resonant frequency of a circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-03",
				question:"What two ways could a dip meter be used in an amateur station?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"To measure resonant frequencies of antenna traps and to measure a tuned circuit resonant frequency",
					"To measure antenna resonance and impedance",
					"To measure antenna resonance and percentage modulation",
					"To measure resonant frequency of antenna traps and percentage modulation"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-04",
				question:"A dip meter supplies the radio frequency energy which enables you to check:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the resonant frequency of a circuit",
					"the calibration of an absorption-type wavemeter",
					"the impedance mismatch in a circuit",
					"the adjustment of an inductor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-05",
				question:"A dip meter may not be used to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"measure the value of capacitance or inductance",
					"align transmitter-tuned circuits",
					"determine the frequency of oscillations",
					"align receiver-tuned circuits"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-06",
				question:"The dial calibration on the output attenuator of a signal generator:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"always reads the true output of the signal generator",
					"reads twice the true output when the attenuator is properly terminated",
					"reads half the true output when the attenuator is properly terminated",
					"reads accurately only when the attenuator is properly terminated"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-07",
				question:"What is a signal generator?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A low-stability oscillator which sweeps through a range of frequencies",
					"A high-stability oscillator which can produce a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes",
					"A low-stabilty oscillator used to inject a signal into a circuit under test",
					"A high-stability oscillator which generates reference signals at exact frequency intervals"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-08",
				question:"A dip meter:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"should be tightly coupled to the circuit under test",
					"may be used only with series tuned circuits",
					"accurately measures frequencies",
					"should be loosely coupled to the circuit under test"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-09",
				question:"A dip meter is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"an SWR meter",
					"an RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier tuning meter",
					"a battery electrolyte level gauge",
					"a variable frequency oscillator with metered feedback current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-10",
				question:"The dip meter is most directly applicable to:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"operational amplifier circuits",
					"digital logic circuits",
					"parallel tuned circuits",
					"series tuned circuits"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-03-11",
				question:"Which of the following *is not* a factor affecting the frequency accuracy of a dip meter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"hand capacity",
					"stray capacity",
					"over coupling",
					"transmitter power output"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-003-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-04-01",
				question:"What does a frequency counter do?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It measures frequency deviation",
					"It makes frequency measurements",
					"It generates broad-band white noise for calibration",
					"It produces a reference frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-02",
				question:"What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response and stability of a frequency counter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Time base accuracy, temperature coefficient of the logic and time base stability",
					"Number of digits in the readout, speed of the logic, and time base stability",
					"Number of digits in the readout, external frequency reference and temperature coefficient of the logic",
					"Time base accuracy, speed of the logic, and time base stability"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-03",
				question:"How can the accuracy of a frequency counter be improved?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"By using slower digital logic",
					"By using faster digital logic",
					"By improving the accuracy of the frequency response",
					"By increasing the accuracy of the time base"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-04",
				question:"If a frequency counter with a time base accuracy of +/- 0.1 PPM (parts per million) reads 146 520 000 Hz (Hertz), what is the most that the actual frequency being measured could differ from that reading? \"PPM (parts per million) = parts per million\"",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"0.1 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"1.4652 Hz (Hertz)",
					"1.4652 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"14.652 Hz (Hertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-05",
				question:"If a frequency counter, with a time base accuracy of 10 PPM (parts per million) reads 146 520 000 Hz (Hertz), what is the most the actual frequency being measured could differ from that reading? \"PPM (parts per million) = parts per million\"",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"1465.2 Hz (Hertz)",
					"146.52 Hz (Hertz)",
					"146.52 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"1465.2 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-06",
				question:"The clock in a frequency counter normally uses a:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"crystal oscillator",
					"self-oscillating Hartley oscillator",
					"mechanical tuning fork",
					"free-running multivibrator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-04-07",
				question:"The frequency accuracy of a frequency counter is determined by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"the size of the frequency counter",
					"type of display used in the counter",
					"the characteristics of the internal timebase generator",
					"the number of digits displayed"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-003-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-05-01",
				question:"If a 100 Hz (Hertz) signal is fed to the horizontal input of an oscilloscope and a 150 Hz (Hertz) signal is fed to the vertical input, what type of pattern should be displayed on the screen?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A rectangular pattern 100 mm (milimeter) wide and 150 mm (milimeter) high",
					"A looping pattern with 3 horizontal loops, and 2 vertical loops",
					"An oval pattern 100 mm (milimeter) wide and 150 mm (milimeter) high",
					"A looping pattern with 100 horizontal loops and 150 vertical loops"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-02",
				question:"What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response and stability of an oscilloscope?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Deflection amplifier output impedance and tube face frequency increments",
					"Accuracy of the time base and the linearity and bandwidth of the deflection amplifiers",
					"Accuracy and linearity of the time base and tube face voltage increments",
					"Tube face voltage increments and deflection amplifier voltages"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-03",
				question:"How can the frequency response of an oscilloscope be improved?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"By using a crystal oscillator as the time base and increasing the vertical sweep rate",
					"By increasing the horizontal sweep rate and the vertical amplifier frequency response",
					"By increasing the vertical sweep rate and the horizontal amplifier frequency response",
					"By using triggered sweep and a crystal oscillator for the timebase"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-04",
				question:"You can use an oscilloscope to display the input and output of a circuit at the same time by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"measuring the input on the X axis and the output on the Y axis",
					"measuring the input on the X axis and the output on the Z axis",
					"utilizing a dual trace oscilloscope",
					"measuring the input on the Y axis and the output on the X axis"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-05",
				question:"An oscilloscope cannot be used to:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"measure frequency",
					"measure DC (Direct Current) voltage",
					"determine FM (Frequency Modulation) carrier deviation",
					"determine the amplitude of complex voltage wave forms"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-06",
				question:"The bandwidth of an oscilloscope is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"directly related to gain compression",
					"indirectly related to screen persistence",
					"the highest frequency signal the scope can display",
					"a function of the time-base accuracy"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-07",
				question:"When using Lissajous figures to determine phase differences, an indication of zero or 180 degrees is represented on the screen of an oscilloscope by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"a horizontal straight line",
					"an ellipse",
					"a diagonal straight line",
					"a circle"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-08",
				question:"A 100-kHz (kilohertz) signal is applied to the horizontal channel of an oscilloscope. A signal of unknown frequency is applied to the vertical channel. The resultant wave form has 5 loops displayed vertically and 2 loops horizontally. The unknown frequency is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"20 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"50 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"40 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"30 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-09",
				question:"What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A signal generator",
					"An oscilloscope",
					"An ammeter",
					"An ohmmeter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-10",
				question:"What is the best instrument to use to check the signal quality of a CW or single-sideband phone transmitter?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A sidetone monitor",
					"An oscilloscope",
					"A signal tracer and an audio amplifier",
					"A field-strength meter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-05-11",
				question:"What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the RF (Radio Frequency) signals of a nearby receiving antenna",
					"the IF (Intermediate Frequency) output of a monitoring receiver",
					"the audio input of the transmitter",
					"the RF (Radio Frequency) output of the transmitter"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-003-06',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-003-06-01",
				question:"A meter has a full-scale deflection of 40 microamps and an internal resistance of 96 ohms. You want it to read 0 to 1 mA. The value of the shunt to be used is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"24 ohms",
					"16 ohms",
					"4 ohms",
					"40 ohms"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-02",
				question:"A moving-coil milliammeter having a full-scale deflection of 1 mA and an internal resistance of 0.5 ohms is to be converted to a voltmeter of 20 volts fullscale deflection. It would be necessary to insert a:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"series resistance of 1 999.5 ohms",
					"series resistance of 19 999.5 ohms",
					"shunt resistance of 19 999.5 ohms",
					"shunt resistance of 19.5 ohms"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-03",
				question:"A voltmeter having a range of 150 volts and an internal resistance of 150 000 ohms is to be extended to read 750 volts. The required multiplier resistor would have a value of:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"1 500 ohms",
					"750 000 ohms",
					"1 200 000 ohms",
					"600 000 ohms"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-04",
				question:"The sensitivity of an ammeter is an expression of:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the amount of current causing full-scale deflection",
					"the resistance of the meter",
					"the loading effect the meter will have on a circuit",
					"the value of the shunt resistor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-05",
				question:"Voltmeter sensitivity is usually expressed in ohms per volt. This means that a voltmeter with a sensitivity of 20 kilohms per volt would be a:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"50 microampere meter",
					"1 milliampere meter",
					"50 milliampere meter",
					"100 milliampere meter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-06",
				question:"The sensitivity of a voltmeter, whose resistance is 150 000 ohms on the 150-volt range, is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"100 000 ohms per volt",
					"1000 ohms per volt",
					"10 000 ohms per volt",
					"150 ohms per volt"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-07",
				question:"The range of a DC (Direct Current) ammeter can easily be extended by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"connecting an external resistance in series with the internal resistance",
					"changing the internal inductance of the meter",
					"connecting an external resistance in parallel with the internal resistance",
					"changing the internal capacitance of the meter to resonance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-08",
				question:"What happens inside a multimeter when you switch it from a lower to a higher voltage range?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Resistance is reduced in series with the meter",
					"Resistance is added in series with the meter",
					"Resistance is reduced in parallel with the meter",
					"Resistance is added in parallel with the meter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-09",
				question:"How can the range of an ammeter be increased?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"By adding resistance in parallel with the meter",
					"By adding resistance in series with the circuit under test",
					"By adding resistance in parallel with the circuit under test",
					"By adding resistance in series with the meter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-10",
				question:"Where should an RF (Radio Frequency) wattmeter be connected for the most accurate readings of transmitter output power?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"One-half wavelength from the transmitter output",
					"At the transmitter output connector",
					"One-half wavelength from the antenna feed point",
					"At the antenna feed point"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-003-06-11",
				question:"At what line impedance do most RF (Radio Frequency) wattmeters usually operate?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"25 ohms",
					"100 ohms",
					"300 ohms",
					"50 ohms"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-004':[
	{
		group:'A-004-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-004-01-01",
				question:"For the same transformer secondary voltage, which rectifier has the highest average output voltage?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Half-wave",
					"Quarter-wave",
					"Bridge",
					"Full-wave"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-02",
				question:"In a half-wave power supply with a capacitor input filter and a load drawing little or no current, the peak inverse voltage (PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage)) across the diode can reach ________ times the RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage.",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"0.45",
					"2.8",
					"5.6",
					"l.4"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-03",
				question:"In a full-wave centre-tap power supply, regardless of load conditions, the peak inverse voltage (PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage)) will be ________ times the RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"0.636",
					"2.8",
					"0.707",
					"1.4"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-04",
				question:"A full-wave bridge rectifier circuit makes use of both halves of the AC (Alternating Current) cycle, but unlike the full-wave centre-tap rectifier circuit it does not require:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"any output filtering",
					"a centre-tapped primary on the transformer",
					"a centre-tapped secondary on the transformer",
					"diodes across each leg of the transformer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-05",
				question:"The output from a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit will appear to be:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"double that of the full-wave centre-tap rectifier",
					"half that of the full-wave centre-tap rectifier",
					"the same as the full-wave centre-tap rectifier",
					"the same as the half-wave rectifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-06",
				question:"The ripple frequency produced by a fullwave power supply connected to a normal household circuit is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"l20 Hz (Hertz)",
					"60 Hz (Hertz)",
					"90 Hz (Hertz)",
					"30 Hz (Hertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-07",
				question:"The ripple frequency produced by a halfwave power supply connected to a normal household circuit is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"90 Hz (Hertz)",
					"60 Hz (Hertz)",
					"l20 Hz (Hertz)",
					"30 Hz (Hertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-08",
				question:"Full-wave voltage doublers:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"create four times the half-wave voltage output",
					"use less power than half-wave doublers",
					"use both halves of an AC (Alternating Current) wave",
					"are used only in high-frequency power supplies"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-09",
				question:"What are the two major ratings that must not be exceeded for silicon-diode rectifiers used in power-supply circuits?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Average power; average voltage",
					"Capacitive reactance; avalanche voltage",
					"Peak load impedance; peak voltage",
					"Peak inverse voltage; average forward current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-10",
				question:"Why should a resistor and capacitor be wired in parallel with power-supply rectifier diodes?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"To smooth the output waveform",
					"To equalize voltage drops and guard against transient voltage spikes",
					"To decrease the output voltage",
					"To ensure that the current through each diode is about the same"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-01-11",
				question:"What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A steady DC (Direct Current) voltage",
					"A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC (Alternating Current) input",
					"A series of pulses at twice the frequency of the AC (Alternating Current) input",
					"A series of pulses at the same frequency as the AC (Alternating Current) input"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-004-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-004-02-01",
				question:"Filter chokes are rated according to:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"reactance at 1000 Hz (Hertz)",
					"power loss",
					"breakdown voltage",
					"inductance and current-handling capacity"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-02",
				question:"Which of the following circuits gives the best regulation, under similar load conditions?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A half-wave bridge rectifier with a capacitor input filter",
					"A half-wave rectifier with a choke input filter",
					"A full-wave rectifier with a choke input filter",
					"A full-wave rectifier with a capacitor input filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-03",
				question:"The advantage of the capacitor input filter over the choke input filter is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"better filtering action or smaller ripple voltage",
					"improved voltage regulation",
					"lower peak rectifier currents",
					"a higher terminal voltage output"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-04",
				question:"With a normal load, the choke input filter will give the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"best regulated output",
					"greatest percentage of ripple",
					"greatest ripple frequency",
					"highest output voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-05",
				question:"There are two types of filters in general use in a power supply. They are called:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"choke output and capacitor output",
					"choke input and capacitor input",
					"choke input and capacitor output",
					"choke output and capacitor input"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-06",
				question:"The main function of the bleeder resistor in a power supply is to provide a discharge path for the capacitor in the power supply. But it may also be used for a secondary function, which is to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"improve voltage regulation",
					"provide a ground return for the transformer",
					"inhibit the flow of current through the supply",
					"act as a secondary smoothing device in conjunction with the filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-07",
				question:"In a power supply, series chokes will:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"readily pass the DC (Direct Current) but will impede the flow of the AC (Alternating Current) component",
					"readily pass the DC (Direct Current) and the AC (Alternating Current) component",
					"impede the passage of DC (Direct Current) but will pass the AC (Alternating Current) component",
					"impede both DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-08",
				question:"When using a choke input filter, a minimum current should be drawn all the time when the device is switched on. This can be accomplished by:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"utilizing a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit",
					"placing an ammeter in the output circuit",
					"increasing the value of the output capacitor",
					"adjusting the bleeder resistance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-09",
				question:"In the design of a power supply, the designer must be careful of resonance effects because the ripple voltage could build up to a high value. The components that must be carefully selected are:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"the bleeder resistor and the first choke",
					"first capacitor and second capacitor",
					"first choke and first capacitor",
					"first choke and second capacitor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-10",
				question:"Excessive rectifier peak current and abnormally high peak inverse voltages can be caused in a power supply by the filter forming a:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"short circuit across the bleeder",
					"parallel resonant circuit with the first choke and second capacitor",
					"series resonant circuit with the first choke and first capacitor",
					"tuned inductance in the filter choke"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-02-11",
				question:"In a properly designed choke input filter power supply, the filter capacitor will be about nine-tenths of the AC (Alternating Current) RMS (Root Mean Square) noload voltage across the voltage; yet it is advisable to use capacitors rated at the peak transformer voltage. Why is this large safety margin suggested?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Resonance can be set up in the filter producing high voltages",
					"Under heavy load, high currents and voltages are produced",
					"Under no-load conditions and a burnedout bleeder, voltages could reach the peak transformer voltage",
					"Under no-load conditions, the current could reach a high level"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-004-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-004-03-01",
				question:"What is one characteristic of a linear electronic voltage regulator?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The conduction of a control element is varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current",
					"It has a ramp voltage at its output",
					"A pass transistor switches from its \"on\" state to its \"off\" state",
					"The control device is switched on or off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load conditions"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-02",
				question:"What is one characteristic of a switching voltage regulator?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The control device is switched on and off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load conditions",
					"The conduction of a control element is varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current",
					"It provides more than one output voltage",
					"It gives a ramp voltage at its output"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-03",
				question:"What device is typically used as a stable reference voltage in a linear voltage regulator?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"An SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)",
					"A varactor diode",
					"A junction diode",
					"A zener diode"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-04",
				question:"What type of linear regulator is used in applications requiring efficient utilization of the primary power source?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A shunt regulator",
					"A constant current source",
					"A shunt current source",
					"A series regulator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-05",
				question:"What type of linear voltage regulator is used in applications requiring a constant load on the unregulated voltage source?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A constant current source",
					"A shunt current source",
					"A shunt regulator",
					"A series regulator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-06",
				question:"How is remote sensing accomplished in a linear voltage regulator?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"An error amplifier compares the input voltage to the reference voltage",
					"A load connection is made outside the feedback loop",
					"A feedback connection to an error amplifier is made directly to the load",
					"By wireless inductive loops"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-07",
				question:"What is a three-terminal regulator?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A regulator that supplies three voltages at a constant current",
					"A regulator containing a voltage reference, error amplifier, sensing resistors and transistors, and a pass element",
					"A regulator containing three error amplifiers and sensing transistors",
					"A regulator that supplies three voltages with variable current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-08",
				question:"What are the important characteristics of a three-terminal regulator?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and maximum output voltage",
					"Maximum and minimum input voltage, maximum output current and voltage",
					"Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output voltage and maximum output current",
					"Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-09",
				question:"What type of voltage regulator contains a voltage reference, error amplifier, sensing resistors and transistors, and a pass element in one package?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"An op-amp regulator",
					"A three-terminal regulator",
					"A switching regulator",
					"A zener regulator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-10",
				question:"When extremely low ripple is required, or when the voltage supplied to the load must remain constant under conditions of large fluctuations of current and line voltage, a closed-loop amplifier is used to regulate the power supply. There are two main categories of electronic regulators. They are:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"linear and switching",
					"non-linear and switching",
					"linear and non-linear",
					"\"stiff\" and switching"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-03-11",
				question:"A modern type of regulator, which features a reference, high-gain amplifier, temperature-compensated voltage sensing resistors and transistors as well as a pass-element is commonly referred to as a:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"nine-pin terminal regulator",
					"three-terminal regulator",
					"twenty-four pin terminal regulator",
					"six-terminal regulator"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-004-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-004-04-01",
				question:"In a series-regulated power supply, the power dissipation of the pass transistor is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the inverse of the load current and the input/output voltage differential",
					"directly proportional to the load current and the input/output voltage differential",
					"dependent upon the peak inverse voltage appearing across the Zener diode",
					"indirectly proportional to the load voltage and the input/output voltage differential"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-02",
				question:"In any regulated power supply, the output is cleanest and the regulation is best:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"at the point where the sampling network or error amplifier is connected",
					"across the secondary of the pass transistor",
					"across the load",
					"at the output of the pass transistor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-03",
				question:"When discussing a power supply the ________ resistance is equal to the output voltage divided by the total current drawn, including the current drawn by the bleeder resistor:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"load",
					"ideal",
					"rectifier",
					"differential"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-04",
				question:"The regulation of long-term changes in the load resistance of a power supply is called:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"active regulation",
					"analog regulation",
					"static regulation",
					"dynamic regulation"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-05",
				question:"The regulation of short-term changes in the load resistance of a power supply is called:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"dynamic regulation",
					"static regulation",
					"analog regulation",
					"active regulation"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-06",
				question:"The dynamic regulation of a power supply is improved by increasing the value of :",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"the choke",
					"the input capacitor",
					"the output capacitor",
					"the bleeder resistor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-07",
				question:"The output capacitor, in a power supply filter used to provide power for an SSB (Single Sideband) or CW transmitter, will give better dynamic regulation if:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"the negative terminal of the electrolytic is connected to the positive and the positive terminal to ground",
					"a battery is placed in series with the output capacitor",
					"it is placed in series with other capacitors",
					"the output capacitance is increased"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-08",
				question:"In a regulated power supply, four diodes connected together in a *Bridge* act as:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"equalization across the transformer",
					"matching between the secondary of the",
					"power transformer and the filter a rectifier",
					"a tuning network"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-09",
				question:"In a regulated power supply, components that conduct alternating current at the input before the transformer and direct current before the output are:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"capacitors",
					"diodes",
					"fuses",
					"chokes"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-10",
				question:"In a regulated power supply, the output of the electrolytic filter capacitor is connected to the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"voltage regulator",
					"pi filter",
					"solid-state by-pass circuit",
					"matching circuit for the load"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-004-04-11",
				question:"In a regulated power supply, a diode connected across the input and output terminals of a regulator is used to:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"provide an RF (Radio Frequency) by-pass for the voltage control",
					"provide additional capacity",
					"protect the regulator from voltage fluctuations in the primary of the transformer",
					"protect the regulator"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-005':[
	{
		group:'A-005-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-01-01",
				question:"How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a Hartley oscillator?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Through a tapped coil",
					"Through a capacitive divider",
					"Through link coupling",
					"Through a neutralizing capacitor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-02",
				question:"How is positive feedback coupled to the input in a Colpitts oscillator?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Through a tapped coil",
					"Through a neutralizing capacitor",
					"Through a link coupling",
					"Through a capacitive divider"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-03",
				question:"How is positive feedback coupled to the input in a Pierce oscillator?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Through a neutralizing capacitor",
					"Through link coupling",
					"Through capacitive coupling",
					"Through a tapped coil"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-04",
				question:"Why is the Colpitts oscillator circuit commonly used in a VFO (Variable-Frequency Oscillator)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It can be used with or without crystal lock-in",
					"It is stable",
					"The frequency is a linear function with load impedance",
					"It has high output power"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-05",
				question:"Why must a very stable reference oscillator be used as part of a phaselocked loop (PLL (phaselocked loop)) frequency synthesizer?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Any phase variations in the reference oscillator signal will produce harmonic distortion in the modulating signal",
					"Any phase variations in the reference oscillator signal will produce phase noise in the synthesizer output",
					"Any amplitude variations in the reference oscillator signal will prevent the loop from changing frequency",
					"Any amplitude variations in the reference oscillator signal will prevent the loop from locking to the desired signal"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-06",
				question:"Positive feedback from a capacitive divider indicates the oscillator type is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Pierce",
					"Hartley",
					"Miller",
					"Colpitts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-07",
				question:"In an oscillator circuit designed for high stability, the positive feedback is drawn from two capacitors connected in series. These two capacitors would most likely be:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"ceramic",
					"electrolytics",
					"mylar",
					"silver mica"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-08",
				question:"In an oscillator circuit where positive feedback is obtained through a single capacitor in series with the crystal, the type of oscillator is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Colpitts",
					"Hartley",
					"Miller",
					"Pierce"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-09",
				question:"A circuit depending on positive feedback for its operation would be a:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"mixer",
					"detector",
					"variable-frequency oscillator",
					"audio amplifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-10",
				question:"An apparatus with an oscillator and a class C amplifier would be:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"a two-stage CW transmitter",
					"a fixed-frequency single-sideband transmitter",
					"a two-stage frequency-modulated transmitter",
					"a two-stage regenerative receiver"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-01-11",
				question:"In an oscillator where positive feedback is provided through a capacitor in series with a crystal, that type of oscillator is a:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Colpitts",
					"Hartley",
					"Franklin",
					"Pierce"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-02-01",
				question:"The output tuning controls on a transmitter power amplifier:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"allow switching to different antennas",
					"allow efficient transfer of power to the antenna",
					"reduce the possibility of crossmodulation in adjunct receivers",
					"are involved with frequency multiplication in the previous stage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-02",
				question:"The purpose of using a centre-tap return connection on the secondary of transmitting tube's filament transformer is to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"prevent modulation of the emitted wave by the alternating current filament supply",
					"reduce the possibility of harmonic emissions",
					"keep the output voltage constant with a varying load",
					"obtain optimum power output"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-03",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, the input signal is applied to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the cathode",
					"the plate",
					"the control grid",
					"the filaments"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-04",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, the plate is connected to the pi-network through a:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"by-pass capacitor",
					"tuning capacitor",
					"electrolytic capacitor",
					"blocking capacitor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-05",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, the plate is connected to a radio frequency choke. The other end of the radio frequency choke connects to the:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"filament voltage",
					"B+ (high voltage)",
					"ground",
					"B- (bias)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-06",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, the cathode is connected to a radio frequency choke. The other end of the radio frequency choke connects to the:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"ground",
					"filament voltage",
					"B- (bias)",
					"B+ (high voltage)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-07",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, the secondary winding of a transformer is connected directly to the vacuum tube. This transformer provides:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"B- (bias)",
					"B+ (high voltage)",
					"Screen voltage",
					"filament voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-08",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, what would be the approximate B+ voltage required for an output of 400 watts at 400 mA with approximately 50 percent efficiency?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"500 volts",
					"2000 volts",
					"3000 volts",
					"1000 volts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-09",
				question:"In a grounded grid amplifier using a triode vacuum tube, each side of the filament is connected to a capacitor whose other end is connected to ground. These are:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"tuning capacitors",
					"by-pass capacitors",
					"electrolytic capacitors",
					"blocking capacitors"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-10",
				question:"After you have opened a VHF (Very High Frequency) power amplifier to make internal tuning adjustments, what should you do before you turn the amplifier on?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Make sure that the power interlock switch is bypassed so you can test the amplifier",
					"Be certain all amplifier shielding is fastened in place",
					"Be certain no antenna is attached so that you will not cause any interference",
					"Remove all amplifier shielding to ensure maximum cooling"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-02-11",
				question:"Harmonics produced in an early stage of a transmitter may be reduced in a later stage by :",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"larger value coupling capacitors",
					"greater input to the final stage",
					"tuned circuit coupling between stages",
					"transistors instead of tubes"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-03-01",
				question:"In a simple 2 stage CW transmitter circuit, the oscillator stage and the class C amplifier stage are inductively coupled by a RF (Radio Frequency) transformer. Another role of the RF (Radio Frequency) transformer is to:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"act as part of a pi filter",
					"be part of a tuned circuit",
					"provide the necessary feedback for oscillation",
					"act as part of a balanced mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-02",
				question:"In a simple 2 stage CW transmitter, current to the collector of the transistor in the class C amplifier stage flows through a radio frequency choke (RFC (Radio Frequency Choke)) and a tapped inductor. The RFC (Radio Frequency Choke), on the tapped inductor side, is also connected to grounded capacitors. The purpose of the RFC (Radio Frequency Choke) and capacitors is to:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"provide negative feedback",
					"form a low-pass filter",
					"form a key-click filter",
					"form a RF (Radio Frequency)-tuned circuit"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-03",
				question:"In a simple 2 stage CW transmitter, the transistor in the second stage would act as:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"a frequency multiplier",
					"the master oscillator",
					"a power amplifier",
					"an audio oscillator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-04",
				question:"An advantage of keying the buffer stage in a transmitter is that:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"key clicks are eliminated",
					"changes in oscillator frequency are less likely",
					"the radiated bandwidth is restricted",
					"high RF (Radio Frequency) voltages are not present"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-05",
				question:"As a power amplifier is tuned, what reading on its grid-current meter indicates the best neutralization?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Minimum grid current",
					"A minimum change in grid current as the output circuit is changed",
					"Maximum grid current",
					"A maximum change in grid current as the output circuit is changed"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-06",
				question:"What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It eliminates AC (Alternating Current) hum from the power supply",
					"It cancels the effects of positive feedback",
					"It reduces incidental grid modulation",
					"It controls differential gain"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-07",
				question:"What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"To limit the modulation index",
					"To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods",
					"To keep the carrier on frequency",
					"To eliminate self-oscillations"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-08",
				question:"Parasitic oscillations are usually generated due to:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"harmonics from some earlier multiplier stage",
					"excessive drive or excitation to the power amplifier",
					"accidental resonant frequencies in the power amplifier",
					"a mismatch between power amplifier and feedline"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-09",
				question:"Parasitic oscillations would tend to occur mostly in:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"high gain audio output stages",
					"high voltage rectifiers",
					"mixer stages",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) power output stages"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-10",
				question:"Why is neutralization necessary for some vacuum-tube amplifiers?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"To reduce grid-to-cathode leakage",
					"To cancel oscillation caused by the effects of interelectrode capacitance",
					"To cancel AC (Alternating Current) hum from the filament transformer",
					"To reduce the limits of loaded Q"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-03-11",
				question:"Parasitic oscillations in an RF (Radio Frequency) power amplifier may be caused by:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"overdriven stages",
					"unintended tuned circuits",
					"lack of neutralisation",
					"excessive harmonic production"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-04-01",
				question:"What type of signal does a balanced modulator produce?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"FM (Frequency Modulation) with balanced deviation",
					"Double sideband, suppressed carrier",
					"Full carrier",
					"Single sideband, suppressed carrier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-02",
				question:"How can a single-sideband phone signal be produced?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"By driving a product detector with a DSB signal",
					"By using a loop modulator followed by a mixer",
					"By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter",
					"By using a reactance modulator followed by a mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-03",
				question:"Carrier suppression in a single-sideband transmitter takes place in:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the carrier decouple stage",
					"the balanced modulator stage",
					"the mechanical filter",
					"the frequency multiplier stage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-04",
				question:"Transmission with SSB (Single Sideband), as compared to conventional AM (Amplitude modulation) transmission, results in:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"6 dB (decibel) gain in the receiver",
					"6 dB (decibel) gain in the transmitter and 3 dB (decibel) gain in the receiver",
					"a greater bandpass requirement in the receiver",
					"3 db gain in the transmitter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-05",
				question:"The peak power output of a singlesideband transmitter, when being tested by a two-tone generator is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"equal to the RF (Radio Frequency) peak output power of any of the tones",
					"one-half of the RF (Radio Frequency) peak output power of any of the tones",
					"twice the RF (Radio Frequency) power output of any of the tones",
					"one-quarter of the RF (Radio Frequency) peak output power of any of the tones"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-06",
				question:"What kind of input signal is used to test the amplitude linearity of a singlesideband phone transmitter while viewing the output on an oscilloscope?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"An audio-frequency sine wave",
					"Two audio-frequency sine waves",
					"An audio-frequency square wave",
					"Normal speech"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-07",
				question:"When testing the amplitude linearity of a single-sideband microphone input and on what audio tones are fed into the transmitter, what kind of kind of instrument is the output observed?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Two non-harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on an oscilloscope",
					"Two harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on an oscilloscope",
					"Two harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on a distortion analyzer",
					"Two non-harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on a distortion analyzer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-08",
				question:"What audio frequencies are used in a two-tone test of the linearity of a singlesideband phone transmitter?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"20 Hz (Hertz) and 20 kHz (kilohertz) tones must be used",
					"1200 Hz (Hertz) and 2400 Hz (Hertz) tones must be used",
					"Any two audio tones may be used, but they must be within the transmitter audio passband, and must be harmonically related",
					"Any two audio tones may be used, but they must be within the transmitter audio passband, and should not be harmonically related"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-09",
				question:"What measurement can be made of a single-sideband phone transmitter's amplifier by performing a two-tone test using an oscilloscope?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Its frequency deviation",
					"Its percent of carrier phase shift",
					"Its linearity",
					"Its percent of frequency modulation"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-10",
				question:"How much is the carrier suppressed below peak output power in a singlesideband phone transmission?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"At least 40 dB (decibel)",
					"No more than 20 dB (decibel)",
					"No more than 30 dB (decibel)",
					"At least 60 dB (decibel)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-04-11",
				question:"What is meant by flattopping in a singlesideband phone transmission?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Signal distortion caused by excessive drive",
					"Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current",
					"The transmitter's automatic level control is properly adjusted",
					"The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-05-01",
				question:"In an FM (Frequency Modulation) phone signal having a maximum frequency deviation of 3000 Hz (Hertz) either side of the carrier frequency, what is the modulation index, when the modulating frequency is 1000 Hz (Hertz)?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"3",
					"0.3",
					"3000",
					"1000"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-02",
				question:"What is the modulation index of an FM (Frequency Modulation) phone transmitter producing an instantaneous carrier deviation of 6 kHz (kilohertz) when modulated with a 2 kHz (kilohertz) modulating frequency?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"0.333",
					"2000",
					"3",
					"6000"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-03",
				question:"What is the deviation ratio of an FM (Frequency Modulation) phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 5 kHz (kilohertz) and accepting a maximum modulation rate of 3 kHz (kilohertz)?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"60",
					"0.16",
					"0.6",
					"1.66"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-04",
				question:"What is the deviation ratio of an FM (Frequency Modulation) phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz (kilohertz) and accepting a maximum modulation rate of 3.5 kHz (kilohertz)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"0.47",
					"2.14",
					"47",
					"0.214"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-05",
				question:"When the transmitter is not modulated, or the amplitude of the modulating signal is zero, the frequency of the carrier is called its:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"frequency deviation",
					"frequency shift",
					"modulating frequency",
					"centre frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-06",
				question:"In a FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitter system, the number of cycles of deviation from the centre frequency is determined solely by the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"amplitude of the modulating frequency",
					"frequency of the modulating frequency",
					"amplitude and the frequency of the modulating frequency",
					"modulating frequency and the amplitude of the centre frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-07",
				question:"Any FM (Frequency Modulation) wave with single-tone modulation has:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"two sideband frequencies",
					"four sideband frequencies",
					"one sideband frequency",
					"an infinite number of sideband frequencies"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-08",
				question:"The deviation meter works on the principle of:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"detecting the frequencies in the sidebands",
					"the amplitude of power in the sidebands",
					"a carrier null and multiplying the modulation frequency by the modulation index",
					"a carrier peak and dividing by the modulation index"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-09",
				question:"When using a deviation meter, it is important to know:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"modulating frequency and the modulation index",
					"modulation index",
					"modulating frequency",
					"pass-band of the IF (Intermediate Frequency) filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-10",
				question:"What is the total bandwidth of an FM (Frequency Modulation)phone transmission having a 5-kHz (kilohertz) deviation and a 3-kHz (kilohertz) modulating frequency?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"8 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"5 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"16 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-05-11",
				question:"What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21-MHz (Megahertz) reactance-modulated oscillator in a 5-kHz (kilohertz) deviation, 146.52-MHz (Megahertz) FM (Frequency Modulation)-phone transmitter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"12 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"5 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"416.7 Hz (Hertz)",
					"41.67 Hz (Hertz)"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-06',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-06-01",
				question:"If the signals of two repeater transmitters mix together in one or both of their final amplifiers and unwanted signals at the sum and difference frequencies of the original signals are generated, what is this called?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Neutralization",
					"Intermodulation interference",
					"Adjacent channel interference",
					"Amplifier desensitization"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-02",
				question:"How does intermodulation interference between two repeater transmitters usually occur?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"When the signals are reflected in phase by aircraft passing overhead",
					"When they are in close proximity and the signals cause feedback in one or both of their final amplifiers",
					"When they are in close proximity and the signals mix in one or both of their final amplifiers",
					"When the signals are reflected out of phase by aircraft passing overhead"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-03",
				question:"How can intermodulation interference between two repeater transmitters in close proximity often be reduced or eliminated?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"By installing a low-pass filter in the antenna feed line",
					"By installing a high-pass filter in the antenna feed line",
					"By installing a terminated circulator or ferrite isolator in the feed line to the transmitter and duplexer",
					"By using a Class C final amplifier with high driving power"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-04",
				question:"If a receiver tuned to 146.70 MHz (Megahertz) receives an intermodulation product signal whenever a nearby transmitter transmits on 146.52, what are the two most likely frequencies for the other interfering signal?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"146.88 MHz (Megahertz) and 146.34 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"146.01 MHz (Megahertz) and 147.30 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"73.35 MHz (Megahertz) and 239.40 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"146.34 MHz (Megahertz) and 146.61 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-05",
				question:"What type of circuit varies the tuning of an amplifier tank circuit to produce FM (Frequency Modulation) signals?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"A phase modulator",
					"A balanced modulator",
					"A double balanced mixer",
					"An audio modulator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-06",
				question:"What audio shaping network is added at an FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitter to attenuate the lower audio frequencies?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"An audio prescaler",
					"A heterodyne suppressor",
					"A pre-emphasis network",
					"A de-emphasis network"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-07",
				question:"Which type of filter would be best to use in a 2-metre repeater duplexer?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A DSP (Digital Signal Processor) filter",
					"A cavity filter",
					"An L-C filter",
					"A crystal filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-08",
				question:"The characteristic difference between a phase modulator and a frequency modulator is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"pre-emphasis",
					"the centre frequency",
					"de-emphasis",
					"frequency inversion"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-09",
				question:"In most modern FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitters, to produce a better sound, a compressor and a clipper are placed:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"between the multiplier and the PA",
					"between the modulator and the oscillator",
					"in the microphone circuit, before the audio amplifier",
					"between the audio amplifier and the modulator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-10",
				question:"Three important parameters to be verified in an FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitter are:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"linearity, frequency deviation and frequency stability",
					"distortion, bandwidth and sideband power",
					"modulation, pre-emphasis and carrier suppression",
					"frequency stability, de-emphasis and linearity"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-06-11",
				question:"For a repeater to operate automatically, the circuit that determines when to turn the transmitter on and off is the:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"limiter",
					"carrier operated relay",
					"automatic identifier",
					"multiplier"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-07',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-07-01",
				question:"Maintaining the peak RF (Radio Frequency) output of a SSB (Single Sideband) transmitter at a relatively constant level requires a circuit called the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"automatic level control (ALC (Automatic Level Control))",
					"automatic gain control (AGC (Automatic Gain Control))",
					"automatic output control (AOC (Automatic Output Contro))",
					"automatic volume control (AVC (Automatic Volume Control))"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-02",
				question:"Speech compression associated with SSB (Single Sideband) transmission implies:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"full amplification of low level signals and reducing or eliminating amplification of high level signals",
					"full amplification of high level signals and reducing or eliminating signals amplification of low level",
					"a lower signal-to-noise ratio",
					"circuit level instability"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-03",
				question:"Which of the following functions *Is Not* included in a typical digital signal processor?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Aliasing amplifier",
					"Analog to digital converter",
					"Digital to analog converter",
					"Mathematical transform"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-04",
				question:"How many bits are required to provide 256 discrete levels, or a ratio of 256:1?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"6 bits",
					"16 bits",
					"8 bits",
					"4 bits"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-05",
				question:"Adding one bit to the word length, is equivalent to adding ________ dB (decibel) to the dynamic range of the digitizer:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"1 dB (decibel)",
					"4 dB (decibel)",
					"6 dB (decibel)",
					"3 dB (decibel)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-06",
				question:"What do you call the circuit which employs an analog to digital converter, a mathematical transform, a digital to analog converter and a low pass filter?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Digital formatter",
					"Mathematical transformer",
					"Digital signal processor",
					"Digital transformer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-07",
				question:"Which principle *Is Not* associated with analog signal processing?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"compression",
					"frequency division",
					"bandwidth limiting",
					"clipping"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-08",
				question:"Which of the following *Is Not* a method used for peak limiting, in a signal processor?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"RF (Radio Frequency) clipping",
					"frequency clipping",
					"compression",
					"AF clipping"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-09",
				question:"What is the undesirable result of AF clipping in a speech processor?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Reduced average power",
					"Increased average power",
					"Increased harmonic distortion",
					"Reduction in peak amplitude"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-10",
				question:"Which description *Is Not* correct? You are planning to build a speech processor for your transceiver. Compared to AF clipping, RF (Radio Frequency) clipping:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"has less distortion",
					"is more expensive to implement",
					"is more difficult to implement",
					"is easier to implement"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-07-11",
				question:"Automatic Level Control (ALC (Automatic Level Control)) is another name for:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"RF (Radio Frequency) compression",
					"AF compression",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) clipping",
					"AF clipping"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-08',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-08-01",
				question:"What digital code consists of elements having unequal length?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"AX.25",
					"Baudot",
					"Morse code",
					"ASCII"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-02",
				question:"The International Organization for Standardization has developed a sevenlevel reference model for a packet-radio communications structure. What level is responsible for the actual transmission of data and handshaking signals?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The link layer",
					"The physical layer",
					"The network layer",
					"The transport layer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-03",
				question:"The International Organization for Standardization has developed a sevenlayer reference model for a packet-radio communications structure. What level arranges the bits into frames and controls data flow?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The link layer",
					"The synchronization layer",
					"The communications layer",
					"The transport layer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-04",
				question:"What is one advantage of using ASCII rather than Baudot code?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"It is possible to transmit upper and lower case text",
					"ASCII includes built-in error correction",
					"ASCII characters contain fewer information bits",
					"The larger character set allows storeand- forward"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-05",
				question:"What type of error control system is used in AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) ARQ (Mode A)?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The receiving station checks the frame check sequence (FCS (Frame Check Sequence)) against the transmitted FCS (Frame Check Sequence)",
					"Each character is sent twice",
					"The receiving station automatically requests repeats when needed",
					"Mode A AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) does not include an error control system"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-06",
				question:"What error-correction system is used in AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) FEC (Mode B)?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Mode B AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) does not include an error-correction system",
					"The receiving station automatically requests repeats when needed",
					"The receiving station checks the frame check sequence (FCS (Frame Check Sequence)) against the transmitted FCS (Frame Check Sequence)",
					"Each character is sent twice"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-07",
				question:"What is the primary advantage of AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) over Baudot RTTY (Radioteletype)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Surplus teletype machines that use AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) are readily available",
					"AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) includes an error detection system",
					"Photographs may be transmitted using AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio)",
					"AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio) characters contain fewer information bits than Baudot characters"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-08",
				question:"We have all used the term ASCII when using computers or teletypewriting equipment. What do those initials represent?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A Standard Code for Information Interchange",
					"American Standard Code for Information Interchange",
					"North American System Compatible with International Interchange",
					"Amalgamated System Code for Information Interchange"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-09",
				question:"The designator AX.25 is associated with which amateur radio mode?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"packet",
					"RTTY (Radioteletype)",
					"ASCII",
					"spread spectrum speech"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-10",
				question:"How many information bits are included in the Baudot code?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"7",
					"5",
					"8",
					"6"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-08-11",
				question:"How many information bits are included in the ASCII code?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"8",
					"7",
					"6",
					"5"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-005-09',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-005-09-01",
				question:"What term describes a wide-band communications system in which the RF (Radio Frequency) carrier varies according to some predetermined sequence?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Spread spectrum communication",
					"Amplitude-compandored single sideband",
					"AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio)",
					"Time domain frequency modulation"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-02",
				question:"What is the term used to describe a spread spectrum communications system where the centre frequency of a conventional carrier is altered many times per second in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Direct sequence",
					"Time-domain frequency modulation",
					"Frequency compandored spread spectrum",
					"Frequency hopping"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-03",
				question:"What term is used to describe a spread spectrum communications system in which a very fast binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF (Radio Frequency) carrier?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Frequency hopping",
					"Phase compandored spread spectrum",
					"Direct sequence",
					"Binary phase-shift keying"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-04",
				question:"Frequency hopping is used with which type of transmission?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Spread spectrum",
					"AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio)",
					"Packet",
					"RTTY (Radioteletype)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-05",
				question:"Direct sequence is used with which type of transmission?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Spread spectrum",
					"AMTOR (Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio)",
					"Packet",
					"RTTY (Radioteletype)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-06",
				question:"Which type of signal is used to produce a predetermined alteration in the carrier for spread spectrum communication?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Frequency-compandored sequence",
					"Quantizing noise",
					"Pseudo-random sequence",
					"Random noise sequence"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-07",
				question:"Why is it difficult to monitor a spread spectrum transmission?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"It requires narrower bandwidth than most receivers have",
					"It varies too quickly in amplitude",
					"The signal is too distorted for comfortable listening",
					"Your receiver must be frequencysynchronized to the transmitter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-08",
				question:"What is frequency hopping spread spectrum?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The carrier is amplitude-modulated over a wide range called the spread",
					"The carrier is frequency-compandored",
					"The carrier is altered in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels",
					"The carrier is phase-shifted by a fast binary bit stream"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-09",
				question:"What is direct-sequence spread spectrum?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The carrier is amplitude modulated over a range called the spread",
					"The carrier is frequency-compandored",
					"The carrier is phase-shifted by a fast binary bit stream",
					"The carrier is altered in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-10",
				question:"Why are received spread-spectrum signals so resistant to interference?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The receiver is always equipped with a special digital signal processor (DSP (Digital Signal Processor)) interference filter",
					"Signals not using the spectrum-spreading algorithm are suppressed in the receiver",
					"If interference is detected by the receiver, it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies",
					"The high power used by a spreadspectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-005-09-11",
				question:"How does the spread-spectrum technique of frequency hopping (FH) work?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The frequency of an RF (Radio Frequency) carrier is changed very rapidly according to a particular pseudo-random sequence",
					"If interference is detected by the receiver, it will signal the transmitter to change frequency",
					"If interference is detected by the receiver, it will signal the transmitter to wait until the frequency is clear",
					"A pseudo-random bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF (Radio Frequency) carrier very rapidly in a particular sequence"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-006':[
	{
		group:'A-006-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-006-01-01",
				question:"What are the advantages of the frequency-conversion process in a superheterodyne receiver?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Automatic detection in the RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier and increased sensitivity",
					"Automatic soft-limiting and automatic squelching",
					"Increased selectivity and optimal tuned circuit design",
					"Automatic squelching and increased sensitivity"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-02",
				question:"What factors should be considered when selecting an intermediate frequency?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Image rejection",
					"Noise figure and distortion",
					"Interference to other services",
					"Cross-modulation distortion and interference"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-03",
				question:"One of the greatest advantages of the double-conversion over the singleconversion receiver is that it:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"is much more stable",
					"is much more sensitive",
					"suffers less from image interference",
					"produces a louder signal at the output"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-04",
				question:"In a communications receiver, a crystal filter would be located in the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"IF (Intermediate Frequency) circuits",
					"local oscillator",
					"audio output stage",
					"detector"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-05",
				question:"A multiconversion superheterodyne receiver is more susceptible to spurious responses than a single-conversion receiver because of the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"additional oscillators and mixing frequencies involved in the design",
					"poorer selectivity in the IF (Intermediate Frequency) caused by the multitude of frequency changes",
					"greater sensitivity introducing higher levels of RF (Radio Frequency) to the receiver",
					"AGC (Automatic Gain Control) being forced to work harder causing the stages concerned to overload"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-06",
				question:"Most superheterodyne receivers operating on the HF (High Frequency) amateur bands through to 30 MHz (Megahertz) use a standard intermediate frequency (IF (Intermediate Frequency)) of:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"200 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"455 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"500 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"355 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-07",
				question:"Which stage of a receiver has its input and output circuits tuned to the received frequency?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The local oscillator",
					"The audio frequency amplifier",
					"The detector",
					"The RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-08",
				question:"Which stage of a superheterodyne receiver lies between a tuneable stage and a fixed tuned stage?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Radio frequency amplifier",
					"Intermediate frequency amplifier",
					"Local oscillator",
					"Mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-09",
				question:"A single conversion receiver with a 9 MHz (Megahertz) IF (Intermediate Frequency) has a local oscillator operating at 16 MHz (Megahertz). The frequency it is tuned to is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"16 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"21 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"9 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"7 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-10",
				question:"A double conversion receiver designed for SSB (Single Sideband) reception has a beat frequency oscillator and:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"one IF (Intermediate Frequency) stage and one local oscillator",
					"two IF (Intermediate Frequency) stages and two local oscillators",
					"two IF (Intermediate Frequency) stages and three local oscillators",
					"two IF (Intermediate Frequency) stages and one local oscillator"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-01-11",
				question:"The advantage of a double conversion receiver over a single conversion receiver is that it:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"does not drift off frequency",
					"suffers less from image interference",
					"is a more sensitive receiver",
					"produces a louder audio signal"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-006-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-006-02-01",
				question:"The mixer stage of a superheterodyne receiver is used to:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"allow a number of IF (Intermediate Frequency) frequencies to be used",
					"remove image signals from the receiver",
					"produce an audio frequency for the speaker",
					"change the frequency of the incoming signal to that of the IF (Intermediate Frequency)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-02",
				question:"A superheterodyne receiver designed for SSB (Single Sideband) reception must have a beatfrequency oscillator (BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator)) because:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the suppressed carrier must be replaced for detection",
					"it phases out the unwanted sideband signal",
					"it reduces the pass-band of the IF (Intermediate Frequency) stages",
					"it beats with the receiver carrier to produce the missing sideband"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-03",
				question:"The first mixer in the receiver mixes the incoming signal with the local oscillator to produce:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"an audio frequency",
					"a radio frequency",
					"a high frequency oscillator (HFO (High Frequency Oscillator)) frequency",
					"an intermediate frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-04",
				question:"If the incoming signal to the mixer is 3 600 kHz (kilohertz) and the first IF (Intermediate Frequency) is 9 MHz (Megahertz), at which one of the following frequencies would the high frequency oscillator (HFO (High Frequency Oscillator)) operate?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"5 400 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"3 400 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"10 600 kHz (kilohertz)",
					"21 600 kHz (kilohertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-05",
				question:"The BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator) is off-set slightly (500 - 1 500 Hz (Hertz)) from the incoming signal to the detector. This is required:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"to beat with the incoming signal",
					"to pass the signal without interruption",
					"to provide additional amplification",
					"to protect the incoming signal from interference"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-06",
				question:"It is very important that the oscillators contained in a superheterodyne receiver are:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"stable and spectrally pure",
					"sensitive and selective",
					"stable and sensitive",
					"selective and spectrally pure"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-07",
				question:"In a superhetrodyne receiver, a stage before the IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier has a variable capacitor in parallel with a trimmer capacitor and an inductance. The variable capacitor is for:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"tuning both the antenna and the BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator)",
					"tuning of the beat-frequency oscillator (BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator))",
					"tuning both the antenna and the HFO (High Frequency Oscillator)",
					"tuning of the high-frequency oscillator (HFO (High Frequency Oscillator))"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-08",
				question:"In a superhetrodyne receiver without an RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier, the input to the mixer stage has a variable capacitor in parallel with an inductance. The variable capacitor is for:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"tuning both the antenna and the BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator)",
					"tuning the beat-frequency oscillator (BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator))",
					"tuning both the antenna and the HFO (High Frequency Oscillator)",
					"tuning of the antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-09",
				question:"What receiver stage combines a 14.25-MHz (Megahertz) input signal with a 13.795-MHz (Megahertz) oscillator signal to produce a 455-kHz (kilohertz) intermediate frequency (IF (Intermediate Frequency)) signal?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator)",
					"VFO (Variable-Frequency Oscillator)",
					"Multiplier",
					"Mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-10",
				question:"Which two stages in a superheterodyne receiver have input tuned circuits tuned to the same frequency?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"IF (Intermediate Frequency) and local oscillator",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) and IF (Intermediate Frequency)",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) and local oscillator",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) and first mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-02-11",
				question:"The mixer stage of a superheterodyne receiver:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"produces an intermediate frequency",
					"produces spurious signals",
					"acts as a buffer stage",
					"demodulates SSB (Single Sideband) signals"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-006-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-006-03-01",
				question:"What is meant by the noise floor of a receiver?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The weakest signal that can be detected under noisy atmospheric conditions",
					"The minimum level of noise that will overload the receiver RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier stage",
					"The amount of noise generated by the receiver local oscillator",
					"The weakest signal that can be detected above the receiver internal noise"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-02",
				question:"Which of the following is a purpose of the first IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier stage in a receiver?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"To tune out cross-modulation distortion",
					"To improve selectivity",
					"To increase dynamic response",
					"To improve noise figure performance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-03",
				question:"How much gain should be used in the RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier stage of a receiver?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"As much gain as possible, short of selfoscillation",
					"Sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise generated in the first mixer stage",
					"It depends on the amplification factor of the first IF (Intermediate Frequency) stage",
					"Sufficient gain to keep weak signals below the noise of the first mixer stage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-04",
				question:"What is the primary purpose of an RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier in a receiver?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"To vary the receiver image rejection by using the AGC (Automatic Gain Control)",
					"To develop the AGC (Automatic Gain Control) voltage",
					"To provide most of the receiver gain",
					"To improve the receiver noise figure"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-05",
				question:"What is the primary source of noise that can be heard in a VHF (Very High Frequency)/UHF (Ultra-high Frequency) band receiver with its antenna connected?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Detector noise",
					"Atmospheric noise",
					"Receiver front-end noise",
					"Man-made noise"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-06",
				question:"What is the term used for the decibel difference (or ratio) between the largest tolerable receiver input signal (without causing audible distortion products) and the minimum discernible signal (sensitivity)?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"design parameter",
					"dynamic range",
					"stability",
					"noise figure"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-07",
				question:"The lower the receiver noise figure becomes, the greater will be the receiver's ________:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"rejection of unwanted signals",
					"selectivity",
					"sensitivity",
					"stability"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-08",
				question:"The noise generated in a receiver of good design originates in the:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"detector and AF amplifier",
					"BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator) and detector",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier and mixer",
					"IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier and detector"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-09",
				question:"Why are very low noise figures relatively unimportant for a ionospheric distortion of high frequency receiver?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the received signal creates high noise levels",
					"external HF (High Frequency) noise, man-made and natural, are higher than the internal noise generated by the receiver",
					"the use of SSB (Single Sideband) and CW on the HF (High Frequency) bands overcomes the noise",
					"regardless of the front end, the succeeding stages when used on HF (High Frequency) are very noisy"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-10",
				question:"The term which relates specifically to the amplitude levels of multiple signals that can be accommodated during reception is called:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"dynamic range",
					"AGC (Automatic Gain Control)",
					"cross-modulation index",
					"noise figure"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-03-11",
				question:"Normally, front-end selectivity is provided by the resonant networks both before and after the RF (Radio Frequency) stage in a superheterodyne receiver. This whole section of the receiver is often referred to as the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"preamble",
					"preamplifier",
					"pass-selector",
					"preselector"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-006-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-006-04-01",
				question:"What audio shaping network is added at an FM (Frequency Modulation) receiver to restore proportionally attenuated lower audio frequencies?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"A pre-emphasis network",
					"A de-emphasis network",
					"An audio prescaler",
					"A heterodyne suppressor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-02",
				question:"What does a product detector do?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"It provides local oscillations for input to a mixer",
					"It amplifies and narrows band-pass frequencies",
					"It detects cross-modulation products",
					"It mixes an incoming signal with a locally generated carrier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-03",
				question:"Distortion in a receiver that only affects strong signals usually indicates a defect in the:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier",
					"AGC (Automatic Gain Control)",
					"AF amplifier",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-04",
				question:"In a superheterodyne receiver with AGC (Automatic Gain Control), as the strength of the signal increases, the AGC (Automatic Gain Control):",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"reduces the receiver gain",
					"increases the receiver gain",
					"distorts the signal",
					"introduces limiting"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-05",
				question:"The amplified IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal is applied to the ________ stage in a superheterodyne receiver:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier",
					"detector",
					"audio output",
					"HFO (High Frequency Oscillator)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-06",
				question:"The low-level output of a detector is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"applied to the AF amplifier",
					"grounded via the chassis",
					"fed directly to the speaker",
					"applied to the RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-07",
				question:"The overall output of an AM/CW/SSB (Single Sideband) receiver can be adjusted by means of manual controls on the receiver or by use of a circuit known as:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"automatic frequency control",
					"inverse gain control",
					"automatic gain control",
					"automatic load control"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-08",
				question:"AGC (Automatic Gain Control) voltage is applied to the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"AF and IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifiers",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) and AF amplifiers",
					"detector and AF amplifiers",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) and IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifiers"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-09",
				question:"AGC (Automatic Gain Control) is derived in a receiver from one of two circuits. Depending on the method used, it is called:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"RF (Radio Frequency) derived or audio derived",
					"IF (Intermediate Frequency) derived or audio derived",
					"IF (Intermediate Frequency) derived or RF (Radio Frequency) derived",
					"detector derived or audio derived"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-10",
				question:"In a superhetrodyne receiver, the output of an oscillator is connected to a transformer. What is the function of the transformer?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"It provides isolation between the highfrequency oscillator and the detector",
					"It provides tuning for the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier",
					"It provides tuning for the input of the intermediate frequency amplifier",
					"It provides coupling between the beatfrequency oscillator and the detector"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-04-11",
				question:"What circuit combines signals from an IF (Intermediate Frequency) amplifier stage and a beat-frequency oscillator (BFO (Beatfrequency Oscillator)), to produce an audio signal?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"An AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit",
					"A power supply circuit",
					"A VFO (Variable-Frequency Oscillator) circuit",
					"A detector circuit"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-006-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-006-05-01",
				question:"What part of a superheterodyne receiver determines the image rejection ratio of the receiver?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Product detector",
					"AGC (Automatic Gain Control) loop",
					"IF (Intermediate Frequency) filter",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-02",
				question:"What is the term for the reduction in receiver sensitivity caused by a strong signal near the received frequency?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Cross-modulation interference",
					"Desensitization",
					"Squelch gain rollback",
					"Quieting"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-03",
				question:"What causes receiver desensitization?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Squelch gain adjusted too high",
					"Squelch gain adjusted too low",
					"Strong adjacent channel signals",
					"Audio gain adjusted too low"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-04",
				question:"What is one way receiver desensitization can be reduced?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Decrease the receiver squelch gain",
					"Shield the receiver from the transmitter causing the problem",
					"Increase the receiver bandwidth",
					"Increase the transmitter audio gain"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-05",
				question:"What causes intermodulation in an electronic circuit?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Nonlinear circuits or devices",
					"Too little gain",
					"Positive feedback",
					"Lack of neutralization"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-06",
				question:"Which of the following is an important reason for using a VHF (Very High Frequency) intermediate frequency in an HF (High Frequency) receiver?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"To move the image response far away from the filter passband",
					"To provide a greater tuning range",
					"To tune out cross-modulation distortion",
					"To prevent the generation of spurious mixer products"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-07",
				question:"Intermodulation distortion is produced by:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the interaction of products from highpowered transmitters in the area",
					"the mixing of more than one signal in the mixer of a superheterodyne receiver",
					"the high-voltage stages in the final amplifier of an amplitude or frequencymodulated transmitter",
					"the mixing of more than one signal in the first or second intermediate frequency amplifiers of a receiver"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-08",
				question:"Three of the following answers are direct causes of instability in a receiver. Choose the answer which is *Not* a direct cause:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"mechanical strength",
					"feedback components",
					"temperature",
					"dial tracking"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-09",
				question:"Poor stability in a receiver usually originates in the:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"detector",
					"local oscillator and power supply",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) amplifier",
					"mixer"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-10",
				question:"Poor dynamic range of a receiver can cause many problems when a strong signal appears within the front-end bandpass or even outside it. Which of the following is *Not* caused as a direct result?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Desensitization",
					"Intermodulation",
					"Cross-modulation",
					"Feedback"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-006-05-11",
				question:"If a receiver mixes a 13.800-MHz (Megahertz) VFO (Variable-Frequency Oscillator) with a 14.255-MHz (Megahertz) received signal to produce a 455-kHz (kilohertz) intermediate frequency (IF (Intermediate Frequency)) signal, what type of interference will a 13.345-MHz (Megahertz) signal produce in the receiver?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Intermediate interference",
					"Mixer interference",
					"Image response",
					"Local oscillator"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
'A-007':[
	{
		group:'A-007-01',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-01-01",
				question:"For an antenna tuner of the \"Transformer\" type, which of the following statements is *False*?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The input is suitable for 50 ohm impedance",
					"The output is suitable for impedances from low to high",
					"The circuit is known as a Pi-type antenna tuner (transmatch)",
					"The circuit is known as a transformertype antenna tuner (transmatch)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-02",
				question:"For an antenna tuner of the \"Series\" type, which of the following statements is *False*?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The circuit is known as a Series-type antenna tuner (transmatch)",
					"The output is suitable for impedances from low to high",
					"The input is suitable for impedance of 50 ohms",
					"The circuit is known as a Pi-type antenna tuner (transmatch)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-03",
				question:"For an antenna tuner of the \"L\" type, which of the following statements is *False*?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The transmitter input is suitable for 50 ohms impedance",
					"The antenna output is high impedance",
					"The circuit is suitable for matching to a vertical groundplane antenna",
					"The circuit is known as an L-type antenna tuner (transmatch)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-04",
				question:"For an antenna tuner of the \"Pi\" type, which of the following statements is *False*?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The transmitter input is suitable for impedance of 50 ohms",
					"The antenna output is suitable for impedances from low to high",
					"The circuit is a series-type antenna tuner (transmatch)",
					"The circuit is a Pi-type antenna tuner (transmatch)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-05",
				question:"What is a pi-network?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"An antenna matching network that is isolated from ground",
					"A network consisting of four inductors or four capacitors",
					"A network consisting of one inductor and two capacitors or two inductors and one capacitor",
					"A power incidence network"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-06",
				question:"Which type of network offers the greatest transformation ratio?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Chebyshev",
					"Butterworth",
					"Pi-network",
					"L-network"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-07",
				question:"Why is an L-network of limited utility in impedance matching?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It is thermally unstable",
					"It matches only a small impedance range",
					"It is prone to self-resonance",
					"It has limited power handling capability"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-08",
				question:"How does a network transform one impedance to another?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"It produces transconductance to cancel the reactive part of an impedance",
					"It introduces negative resistance to cancel the resistive part of an impedance",
					"It cancels the reactive part of an impedance and changes the resistive part",
					"Network resistances substitute for load resistances"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-09",
				question:"What advantage does a pi-L network have over a pi-network for impedance matching between a vacuum tube linear amplifier and a multiband antenna?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Greater harmonic suppression",
					"Higher efficiency",
					"Lower losses",
					"Greater transformation range"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-10",
				question:"Which type of network provides the greatest harmonic suppression?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Inverse pi-network",
					"Pi-network",
					"Pi-L network",
					"L-network"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-01-11",
				question:"Which three types of networks are most commonly used to match an RF (Radio Frequency) power amplifier to a transmission line?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"T, M and Q",
					"M, pi and T",
					"L, pi and pi-L",
					"L, M and C"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-02',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-02-01",
				question:"What kind of impedance does a quarter wavelength transmission line present to the source when the line is shorted at the far end?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line",
					"The same as the output impedance of the source",
					"A very high impedance",
					"A very low impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-02",
				question:"What kind of impedance does a quarter wavelength transmission line present to the source if the line is open at the far end?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"A very high impedance",
					"The same as the output impedance of the source",
					"The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line",
					"A very low impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-03",
				question:"What kind of impedance does a half wavelength transmission line present to the source when the line is open at the far end?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line",
					"The same as the output impedance of the source",
					"A very high impedance",
					"A very low impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-04",
				question:"What kind of impedance does a half wavelength transmission line present to the source when the line is shorted at the far end?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"A very high impedance",
					"The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line",
					"A very low impedance",
					"The same as the output impedance of the source"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-05",
				question:"What is the velocity factor of a transmission line?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"The velocity of the wave on the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum",
					"The index of shielding for coaxial cable",
					"The velocity of the wave on the transmission line divided by the velocity of light",
					"The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the terminating impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-06",
				question:"What is the term for the ratio of the actual velocity at which a signal travels through a transmission line to the speed of light in a vacuum?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Characteristic impedance",
					"Surge impedance",
					"Standing wave ratio",
					"Velocity factor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-07",
				question:"What is a typical velocity factor for coaxial cable with polyethylene dielectric?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"0.33",
					"0.66",
					"0.1",
					"2.7"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-08",
				question:"What determines the velocity factor in a transmission line?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The line length",
					"The centre conductor resistivity",
					"The terminal impedance",
					"Dielectrics in the line"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-09",
				question:"Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable shorter than its electrical length?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The surge impedance is higher in the parallel feed line",
					"Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable",
					"The characteristic impedance is higher in a parallel feed line",
					"RF (Radio Frequency) energy moves slower along the coaxial cable than in air"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-10",
				question:"The reciprocal of the square root of the dielectric constant of the material used to separate the conductors in a transmission line gives the ________ of the line:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"velocity factor",
					"VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)",
					"impedance",
					"hermetic losses"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-02-11",
				question:"The velocity factor of a transmission line is the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"ratio of the velocity of propagation in the transmission line to the velocity of propagation in free space",
					"impedance of the line, e.g. 50 ohm, 75 ohm, etc.",
					"speed at which the signal travels in free space",
					"speed to which the standing waves are reflected back to the transmitter"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-03',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-03-01",
				question:"What term describes a method used to match a high-impedance transmission line to a lower impedance antenna by connecting the line to the driven element in two places, spaced a fraction of a wavelength on each side of the driven element centre?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The gamma match",
					"The omega match",
					"The stub match",
					"The T match"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-02",
				question:"What term describes an unbalanced feed system in which the driven element of an antenna is fed both at the centre and a fraction of a wavelength to one side of centre?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The omega match",
					"The gamma match",
					"The stub match",
					"The T match"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-03",
				question:"What term describes a method of antenna impedance matching that uses a short section of transmission line connected to the antenna feed line near the antenna and perpendicular to the feed line?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"The stub match",
					"The omega match",
					"The delta match",
					"The gamma match"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-04",
				question:"What would be the physical length of a typical coaxial stub that is electrically one quarter wavelength long at 14.1 MHz (Megahertz)? (Assume a velocity factor of 0.66)",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"20 metres (65.6 feet)",
					"2.33 metres (7.64 feet)",
					"0.25 metre (0.82 foot)",
					"3.51 metres (11.5 feet)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-05",
				question:"The driven element of a Yagi antenna is connected to a coaxial transmission line. The coax braid is connected to the centre of the driven element and the centre conductor is connected to a variable capacitor in series with an adjustable mechanical arrangement on one side of the driven element. The type of matching is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"gamma match",
					"lambda match",
					"\"T\" match",
					"zeta match"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-06",
				question:"A quarter-wave stub, for use at 15 MHz (Megahertz), is made from a coaxial cable having a velocity factor of 0.8. Its physical length will be:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"12 m (39.4 ft (Feet))",
					"8 m (26.2 ft (Feet))",
					"4 m (13.1 ft (Feet))",
					"7.5 m (24.6 ft (Feet))"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-07",
				question:"The matching of a driven element with a single adjustable mechanical and capacitive arrangement is descriptive of:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"a \"gamma\" match",
					"a \"T\" match",
					"an \"omega\" match",
					"a \"Y\" match"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-08",
				question:"A Yagi antenna uses a gamma match. The coaxial braid connects to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the centre of the driven element",
					"the variable capacitor",
					"the adjustable gamma rod",
					"the centre of the reflector"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-09",
				question:"A Yagi antenna uses a gamma match. The centre of the driven element connects to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the coaxial line braid",
					"the coaxial line centre conductor",
					"the adjustable gamma rod",
					"a variable capacitor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-10",
				question:"A Yagi antenna uses a gamma match. The adjustable gamma rod connects to:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"the coaxial line centre conductor",
					"the variable capacitor",
					"an adjustable point on the reflector",
					"the centre of the driven element"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-03-11",
				question:"A Yagi antenna uses a gamma match. The variable capacitor connects to the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"an adjustable point on the director",
					"center of the driven element",
					"coaxial line braid",
					"adjustable gamma rod"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-04',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-04-01",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, the distribution of ________ is highest at each end.",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"current",
					"inductance",
					"capacitance",
					"voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-02",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, the distribution of ________ is lowest at each end.",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"voltage",
					"inductance",
					"capacitance",
					"current"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-03",
				question:"The feed point in a centre-fed half-wave antenna is at the point of:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"minimum current",
					"maximum current",
					"minimum voltage and current",
					"maximum voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-04",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, the lowest distribution of ________ occurs at the middle.",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"capacity",
					"inductance",
					"current",
					"voltage"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-05",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, the highest distribution of ________ occurs at the middle.",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"inductance",
					"voltage",
					"current",
					"capacity"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-06",
				question:"A half-wave dipole antenna is normally fed at the point where:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the current is maximum",
					"the voltage is maximum",
					"the resistance is maximum",
					"the antenna is resonant"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-07",
				question:"At the ends of a half-wave dipole:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"voltage and current are both high",
					"voltage and current are both low",
					"voltage is low and current is high",
					"voltage is high and current is low"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-08",
				question:"The impedance of a half-wave antenna at its centre is low, because at this point:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"voltage and current are both high",
					"voltage and current are both low",
					"voltage is low and current is high",
					"voltage is high and current is low"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-09",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, where does minimum voltage occur?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"At the right end",
					"It is equal at all points",
					"The centre",
					"Both ends"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-10",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, where does the minimum current occur?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"At both ends",
					"At the centre",
					"It is equal at all points",
					"At the right end"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-04-11",
				question:"In a half-wave dipole, where does the minimum impedance occur?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"It is the same at all points",
					"At the centre",
					"At the right end",
					"At both ends"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-05',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-05-01",
				question:"What is meant by circularly polarized electromagnetic waves?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Waves with an electric field bent into circular shape",
					"Waves that circle the earth",
					"Waves produced by a circular loop antenna",
					"Waves with a rotating electric field"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-02",
				question:"What is the polarization of an electromagnetic wave if its magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the Earth?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Elliptical",
					"Circular",
					"Vertical",
					"Horizontal"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-03",
				question:"What is the polarization of an electromagnetic wave if its magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Vertical",
					"Circular",
					"Elliptical",
					"Horizontal"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-04",
				question:"The polarization of a radio wave is taken as the direction of the lines of force in the ________ field:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"force",
					"electric",
					"magnetic",
					"electromagnetic"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-05",
				question:"A transmitted wave is vertically polarized when:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"its electrical component is vertical",
					"the antenna is pointing north in the northern hemisphere",
					"the antenna is parallel to the ground",
					"its magnetic component is vertical"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-06",
				question:"The polarisation of an antenna is the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"orientation of its radiated magnetic field",
					"length of the radiating element",
					"radiation angle",
					"orientation of its radiated electric field"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-07",
				question:"A parabolic antenna is very efficient because:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"a dipole antenna can be used to pick up the received energy",
					"no impedance matching is required",
					"a horn-type radiator can be used to trap the received energy",
					"all the received energy is focused to a point where the pick-up antenna is located"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-08",
				question:"A helical-beam antenna with right-hand polarization will best receive signals with:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"right-hand polarization",
					"left-hand polarization",
					"vertical polarization only",
					"horizontal polarization"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-09",
				question:"One antenna which will respond simultaneously to vertically-and horizontally-polarized signals is the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"helical-beam antenna",
					"folded dipole antenna",
					"ground-plane antenna",
					"quad antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-10",
				question:"What precaution should you take whenever you make adjustments to the feed system of a parabolic dish antenna?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Be sure no one can activate the transmitter",
					"Disconnect the antenna-positioning mechanism",
					"Point the dish away from the sun so it doesn't concentrate solar energy on you",
					"Be sure you and the antenna structure are properly grounded"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-05-11",
				question:"Why should a protective fence be placed around the base of a ground-mounted parabolic dish transmitting antenna?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"To reduce the possibility of persons being harmed by RF (Radio Frequency) energy during transmissions",
					"To reduce the possibility that animals will damage the antenna",
					"To increase the property value through increased security awareness",
					"To protect the antenna from lightning damage and provide a good ground system for the installation"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-06',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-06-01",
				question:"A transmitter has an output of 100 watts. The cable and connectors have a composite loss of 3 dB (decibel), and the antenna has a gain of 6 dB (decibel). What is the Effective Radiated Power?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"350 watts",
					"200 watts",
					"400 watts",
					"300 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-02",
				question:"As standing wave ratio rises, so does the loss in the transmission line. This is caused by:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"high antenna currents",
					"high antenna voltage",
					"leakage to ground through the dielectric",
					"dielectric and conductor heat losses"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-03",
				question:"What is the Effective Radiated Power of an amateur transmitter, if the transmitter output power is 200 watts, the transmission line loss is 5 watts, and the antenna power gain is 3 dB (decibel)?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"197 watts",
					"228 watts",
					"178 watts",
					"390 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-04",
				question:"Effective Radiated Power means the:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"transmitter output power, minus line losses, plus antenna gain",
					"power supplied to the antenna before the modulation of the carrier",
					"power supplied to the feedline plus antenna gain",
					"ratio of signal output power to signal input power"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-05",
				question:"A transmitter has an output power of 200 watts. The coaxial and connector losses are 3 dB (decibel) in total, and the antenna gain is 9 dB (decibel). What is the approximate Effective Radiated Power of this system?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"3200 watts",
					"1600 watts",
					"800 watts",
					"400 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-06",
				question:"A transmitter has a power output of 100 watts. There is a loss of 1.30 dB (decibel) in the transmission line, a loss of 0.2 dB (decibel) through the transmatch, and a gain of 4.50 dB (decibel) in the antenna. The Effective Radiated Power (ERP (Effective Radiated Power)) is:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"800 watts",
					"400 watts",
					"200 watts",
					"100 watts"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-07",
				question:"If the overall gain of an amateur station is increased by 3 dB (decibel) the ERP (Effective Radiated Power) (Effective Radiated Power) will:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"decrease by 3 watts",
					"remain the same",
					"double",
					"be cut in half"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-08",
				question:"A transmitter has a power output of 125 watts. There is a loss of 0.8 dB (decibel) in the transmission line, 0.2 dB (decibel) in the transmatch, and a gain of 10 dB (decibel) in the antenna. The Effective Radiated Power (ERP (Effective Radiated Power)) is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"1250",
					"1125",
					"134",
					"1000"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-09",
				question:"If a 3 dB (decibel) gain antenna is replaced with a 9 dB (decibel) gain antenna, with no other changes, the Effective Radiated Power (ERP (Effective Radiated Power)) will increase by:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"6",
					"4",
					"1.5",
					"2"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-10",
				question:"A transmitter has an output of 2000 watts PEP (Peak-Envelope Power). The transmission line, connectors and transmatch have a composite loss of 1 dB (decibel), and the gain from the stacked Yagi antenna is 10 dB (decibel). What is the Effective Radiated Power (ERP (Effective Radiated Power)) in watts PEP (Peak-Envelope Power)?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"18 000",
					"20 000",
					"2009",
					"16 000"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-06-11",
				question:"A transmitter has an output of 1000 watts PEP (Peak-Envelope Power). The coaxial cable, connectors and transmatch have a composite loss of 1 dB, (decibel) and the antenna gain is 10 dB (decibel). What is the Effective Radiated Power (ERP (Effective Radiated Power)) in watts PEP (Peak-Envelope Power)?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"1009",
					"10 000",
					"8000",
					"9000"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-07',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-07-01",
				question:"For a 3-element Yagi antenna with horizontally mounted elements, how does the main lobe takeoff angle vary with height above flat ground?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"It decreases with increasing height",
					"It increases with increasing height",
					"It does not vary with height",
					"It depends on E-region height, not antenna height"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-02",
				question:"Most simple horizontally polarized antennas do not exhibit any directivity unless they are:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"an eighth of a wavelength above the ground",
					"a quarter wavelength above the ground",
					"a half wavelength or more above the ground",
					"three-eighths of a wavelength above the ground"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-03",
				question:"The plane from which ground reflections can be considered to take place, or the effective ground plane for an antenna is:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"as much as 6 cm (centimetres) below ground depending upon soil conditions",
					"several centimeters to as much as 2 meters below ground, depending upon soil conditions",
					"as much as a meter above ground",
					"at ground level exactly"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-04",
				question:"Why is a ground-mounted vertical quarter-wave antenna in reasonably open surroundings better for long distance contacts than a half-wave dipole at a quarter wavelength above ground?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The radiation resistance is lower",
					"The vertical radiation angle is lower",
					"It has an omnidirectional characteristic",
					"It uses vertical polarization"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-05",
				question:"When a half-wave dipole antenna is installed one-half wavelength above ground, the:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"radiation pattern changes to produce side lobes at 15 and 50 degrees",
					"side lobe radiation is cancelled",
					"radiation pattern is unaffected",
					"vertical or upward radiation is cancelled"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-06",
				question:"How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF (High Frequency) antenna?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Antenna height has no effect on the pattern",
					"If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, reflected radio waves from the ground significantly distort the pattern",
					"If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated",
					"If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-07",
				question:"For long distance propagation, the vertical radiation angle of the energy from the antenna should be:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"more than 45 degrees but less than 90 degrees",
					"less than 30 degrees",
					"90 degrees",
					"more than 30 degrees but less than 45 degrees"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-08",
				question:"Greater distance can be covered with multiple-hop transmissions by decreasing the:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"power applied to the antenna",
					"vertical radiation angle of the antenna",
					"main height of the antenna",
					"length of the antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-09",
				question:"The impedance at the centre of a dipole antenna more than 3 wavelengths above ground would be nearest to:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"75 ohms",
					"25 ohms",
					"300 ohms",
					"600 ohms"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-10",
				question:"What is the main reason why so many V (Very High Frequency) base and mobile antennas are 5/8 of a wavelength?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"The angle of radiation is high giving excellent local coverage",
					"Most of the energy is radiated at a low angle",
					"It's easy to match the antenna to the transmitter",
					"It's a convenient length on V (Very High Frequency)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-07-11",
				question:"The most important consideration when deciding upon an antenna for contacting stations at great distances (DX) is:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"vertical angle of radiation",
					"sunspot activity",
					"impedance",
					"bandwidth"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-08',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-08-01",
				question:"What is meant by the radiation resistance of an antenna?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"The resistance in the atmosphere that an antenna must overcome to be able to radiate a signal",
					"The specific impedance of an antenna",
					"The combined losses of the antenna elements and feed line",
					"The equivalent resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power as that radiated from an antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-02",
				question:"Why would one need to know the radiation resistance of an antenna?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"To measure the near-field radiation density from a transmitting antenna",
					"To calculate the front-to-side ratio of the antenna",
					"To match impedances for maximum power transfer",
					"To calculate the front-to-back ratio of the antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-03",
				question:"What factors determine the radiation resistance of an antenna?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Antenna location with respect to nearby objects and the conductors length/diameter ratio",
					"Transmission line length and antenna height",
					"Sunspot activity and time of day",
					"It is a physical constant and is the same for all antennas"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-04",
				question:"What is the term for the ratio of the radiation resistance of an antenna to the total resistance of the system?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"Beamwidth",
					"Effective Radiated Power",
					"Radiation conversion loss",
					"Antenna efficiency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-05",
				question:"What is included in the total resistance of an antenna system?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Radiation resistance plus transmission resistance",
					"Radiation resistance plus ohmic resistance",
					"Transmission line resistance plus radiation resistance",
					"Radiation resistance plus space impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-06",
				question:"How can the approximate beamwidth of a beam antenna be determined?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements and measure the angle between the lines",
					"Note the two points where the signal strength is down 3 dB (decibel) from the maximum signal point and compute the angular difference",
					"Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and side of the antenna",
					"Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and rear of the antenna"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-07",
				question:"How is antenna percent efficiency calculated?",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"(radiation resistance / transmission resistance) X 100",
					"(total resistance / radiation resistance) X 100",
					"(effective radiated power / transmitter output) X 100",
					"(radiation resistance / total resistance) X 100"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-08",
				question:"What is the term used for an equivalent resistance which would dissipate the same amount of energy as that radiated from an antenna?",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"Radiation resistance",
					"\"j\" factor",
					"Antenna resistance",
					"\"K\" factor"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-09",
				question:"Antenna beamwidth is the angular distance between :",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"the points on the major lobe at the halfpower points",
					"the maximum lobe spread points on the major lobe",
					"the 6 dB (decibel) power points on the major lobe",
					"the 3 dB (decibel) power points on the first minor lobe"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-10",
				question:"If the ohmic resistance of a half-wave dipole is 2 ohms, and the radiation resistance is 72 ohms, what is the antenna efficiency?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"74%",
					"72%",
					"97.3%",
					"100%"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-08-11",
				question:"If the ohmic resistance of a miniloop antenna is 2 milliohms and the radiation resistance is 50 milliohms, what is the antenna efficiency?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"52%",
					"96.15%",
					"25%",
					"50%"
				],
			},
		],
	},
	{
		group:'A-007-09',
		questions:[
			{
				title:"A-007-09-01",
				question:"Waveguide is typically used:",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"at frequencies above 2 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"at frequencies above 1500 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"at frequencies below 150 MHz (Megahertz)",
					"at frequencies below 1500 MHz (Megahertz)"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-02",
				question:"Which of the following is *Not Correct*? Waveguide is an efficient transmission medium because it features:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"low radiation loss",
					"low dielectric loss",
					"low hysteresis loss",
					"low copper loss"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-03",
				question:"Which of the following is an advantage of waveguide as a transmission line?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Frequency sensitive based on dimensions",
					"Low loss",
					"Expensive",
					"Heavy and difficult to install"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-04",
				question:"For rectangular waveguide to transfer energy, the cross-section should be at least:",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"three-eighths wavelength",
					"one-eighth wavelength",
					"one-half wavelength",
					"one-quarter wavelength"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-05",
				question:"Which of the following statements about waveguide *Is Not* correct?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"In the transverse electric mode, a component of the magnetic field is in the direction of propagation",
					"Waveguide has high loss at high frequencies, but low loss below cutoff frequency",
					"In the transverse magnetic mode, a component of the electric field is in the direction of propagation",
					"Waveguide has low loss at high frequencies, but high loss below cutoff frequency"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-06",
				question:"Which of the following is a major advantage of waveguide over coaxial cable for use at microwave frequencies?",
				answer:2,
				answers:[
				"Frequency response from 1.8 MHz (Megahertz) to 24 GHz (Gigahertz)",
					"Easy to install",
					"Very low losses",
					"Inexpensive to install"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-07",
				question:"What is printed circuit transmission line called?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Dielectric substrate",
					"Microstripline",
					"Dielectric imprinting",
					"Ground plane"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-08",
				question:"Compared with coaxial cable, microstripline:",
				answer:0,
				answers:[
				"has poorer shielding",
					"has superior shielding",
					"must have much lower characteristic impedance",
					"must have much higher characteristic impedance"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-09",
				question:"A section of waveguide:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"operates like a low-pass filter",
					"operates like a band-stop filter",
					"is lightweight and easy to install",
					"operates like a high-pass filter"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-10",
				question:"Microstripline is:",
				answer:3,
				answers:[
				"a small semiconductor family",
					"a high power microwave antenna",
					"a family of fluids for removing coatings from small parts",
					"printed circuit transmission line"
				],
			},
			{
				title:"A-007-09-11",
				question:"What precautions should you take before beginning repairs on a microwave feed horn or waveguide?",
				answer:1,
				answers:[
				"Be sure the weather is dry and sunny",
					"Be sure the transmitter is turned off and the power source is disconnected",
					"Be sure propagation conditions are unfavorable for tropospheric ducting",
					"Be sure to wear tight-fitting clothes and gloves to protect your body and hands from sharp edge"
				],
			},
		],
	},
],
}
